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Related papers: Enhancing Model Robustness and Fairness with Causa…

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We initiate the study of fair classifiers that are robust to perturbations in the training distribution. Despite recent progress, the literature on fairness has largely ignored the design of fair and robust classifiers. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Debmalya Mandal , Samuel Deng , Suman Jana , Jeannette M. Wing , Daniel Hsu

A reliable reward model is essential for aligning large language models with human preferences through reinforcement learning from human feedback. However, standard reward models are susceptible to spurious features that are not causally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yupei Yang , Lin Yang , Wanxi Deng , Lin Qu , Fan Feng , Biwei Huang , Shikui Tu , Lei Xu

Causal inference and model interpretability research are gaining increasing attention, especially in the domains of healthcare and bioinformatics. Despite recent successes in this field, decorrelating features under nonlinear environments…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-30 Junda Wang , Weijian Li , Han Wang , Hanjia Lyu , Caroline Thirukumaran , Addisu Mesfin , Jiebo Luo

Recent advancements in machine learning have emphasized the need for transparency in model predictions, particularly as interpretability diminishes when using increasingly complex architectures. In this paper, we propose leveraging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Chenrui Zhu , Louenas Bounia , Vu Linh Nguyen , Sébastien Destercke , Arthur Hoarau

Generative models unfairly penalize data belonging to minority classes, suffer from model autophagy disorder (MADness), and learn biased estimates of the underlying distribution parameters. Our theoretical and empirical results show that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Paul Mayer , Lorenzo Luzi , Ali Siahkoohi , Don H. Johnson , Richard G. Baraniuk

Robustness audits of deep neural networks (DNN) provide a means to uncover model sensitivities to the challenging real-world imaging conditions that significantly degrade DNN performance in-the-wild. Such conditions are often the result of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Nathan Drenkow , William Paul , Chris Ribaudo , Mathias Unberath

Linear residualization is a common practice for confounding adjustment in machine learning (ML) applications. Recently, causality-aware predictive modeling has been proposed as an alternative causality-inspired approach for adjusting for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-11-10 Elias Chaibub Neto

When training machine learning (ML) models for potential deployment in a healthcare setting, it is essential to ensure that they do not replicate or exacerbate existing healthcare biases. Although many definitions of fairness exist, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Aparajita Kashyap , Sara Matijevic , Noémie Elhadad , Steven A. Kushner , Shalmali Joshi

Practitioners making decisions based on causal effects typically ignore structural uncertainty. We analyze when this uncertainty is consequential enough to warrant methodological solutions (Bayesian model averaging over competing causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Maurits Kaptein

Robust causal discovery from observational data under imperfect prior knowledge remains a significant and largely unresolved challenge. Existing methods typically presuppose perfect priors or can only handle specific, pre-identified error…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Zidong Wang , Xi Lin , Chuchao He , Xiaoguang Gao

Recent work has shown success in incorporating pre-trained models like BERT to improve NLP systems. However, existing pre-trained models lack of causal knowledge which prevents today's NLP systems from thinking like humans. In this paper,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-10 Zhongyang Li , Xiao Ding , Kuo Liao , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

To address the problem of NLP classifiers learning spurious correlations between training features and target labels, a common approach is to make the model's predictions invariant to these features. However, this can be counter-productive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Parikshit Bansal , Amit Sharma

We show that there may exist an inherent tension between the goal of adversarial robustness and that of standard generalization. Specifically, training robust models may not only be more resource-consuming, but also lead to a reduction of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-09-10 Dimitris Tsipras , Shibani Santurkar , Logan Engstrom , Alexander Turner , Aleksander Madry

Causal discovery, the task of inferring causal structure from data, has the potential to uncover mechanistic insights from biological experiments, especially those involving perturbations. However, causal discovery algorithms over larger…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Menghua Wu , Yujia Bao , Regina Barzilay , Tommi Jaakkola

Machine learning systems exhibit diverse failure modes: unfairness toward protected groups, brittleness to spurious correlations, poor performance on minority sub-populations, which are typically studied in isolation by distinct research…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Sushant Mehta

In many settings, it is important that a model be capable of providing reasons for its predictions (i.e., the model must be interpretable). However, the model's reasoning may not conform with well-established knowledge. In such cases, while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-19 Jiaxuan Wang , Jeeheh Oh , Haozhu Wang , Jenna Wiens

Algorithmic decisions about individuals require predictions that are not only accurate but also fair with respect to sensitive attributes such as gender and race. Causal notions of fairness align with legal requirements, yet many methods…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-02 Yoichi Chikahara

Effective and reliable evaluation is essential for advancing empirical machine learning. However, the increasing accessibility of generalist models and the progress towards ever more complex, high-level tasks make systematic evaluation more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Felix Leeb , Zhijing Jin , Bernhard Schölkopf

We consider training machine learning models that are fair in the sense that their performance is invariant under certain sensitive perturbations to the inputs. For example, the performance of a resume screening system should be invariant…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-03-16 Mikhail Yurochkin , Amanda Bower , Yuekai Sun

Trustworthy machine learning in healthcare requires strong predictive performance, fairness, and explanations. While it is known that improving fairness can affect predictive performance, little is known about how fairness improvements…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Joshua Wolff Anderson , Shyam Visweswaran