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Recurrent off-policy deep reinforcement learning models achieve state-of-the-art performance but are often sidelined due to their high computational demands. In response, we introduce RISE (Recurrent Integration via Simplified Encodings), a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Tyler Clark , Christine Evers , Jonathon Hare

Most learning algorithms are not invariant to the scale of the function that is being approximated. We propose to adaptively normalize the targets used in learning. This is useful in value-based reinforcement learning, where the magnitude…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-08-17 Hado van Hasselt , Arthur Guez , Matteo Hessel , Volodymyr Mnih , David Silver

Vision-based reinforcement learning (RL) is successful, but how to generalize it to unknown test environments remains challenging. Existing methods focus on training an RL policy that is universal to changing visual domains, whereas we…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Xudong Wang , Long Lian , Stella X. Yu

A significant aspiration of offline reinforcement learning (RL) is to develop a generalist agent with high capabilities from large and heterogeneous datasets. However, prior approaches that scale offline RL either rely heavily on expert…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Jie Cheng , Ruixi Qiao , Yingwei Ma , Binhua Li , Gang Xiong , Qinghai Miao , Yongbin Li , Yisheng Lv

The Arcade Learning Environment (ALE) is a popular platform for evaluating reinforcement learning agents. Much of the appeal comes from the fact that Atari games demonstrate aspects of competency we expect from an intelligent agent and are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-10 Kenny Young , Tian Tian

Recent work in deep reinforcement learning has allowed algorithms to learn complex tasks such as Atari 2600 games just from the reward provided by the game, but these algorithms presently require millions of training steps in order to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-01-09 Benjamin Spector , Serge Belongie

Fine-tuning the pre-trained model with active learning holds promise for reducing annotation costs. However, this combination introduces significant computational costs, particularly with the growing scale of pre-trained models. Recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Ziting Wen , Oscar Pizarro , Stefan Williams

State representation learning, or the ability to capture latent generative factors of an environment, is crucial for building intelligent agents that can perform a wide variety of tasks. Learning such representations without supervision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-09 Ankesh Anand , Evan Racah , Sherjil Ozair , Yoshua Bengio , Marc-Alexandre Côté , R Devon Hjelm

The ability to learn continually is essential in a complex and changing world. In this paper, we characterize the behavior of canonical value-based deep reinforcement learning (RL) approaches under varying degrees of non-stationarity. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Zaheer Abbas , Rosie Zhao , Joseph Modayil , Adam White , Marlos C. Machado

Self-play has enabled large language models to autonomously improve through self-generated challenges. However, existing self-play methods for vision-language models rely on passive interaction with static image collections, resulting in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Jinghan He , Junfeng Fang , Feng Xiong , Zijun Yao , Fei Shen , Haiyun Guo , Jinqiao Wang , Tat-Seng Chua

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has been successfully applied in several research domains such as robot navigation and automated video game playing. However, these methods require excessive computation and interaction with the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Ayberk Aydın , Elif Surer

Learning robotic tasks in the real world is still highly challenging and effective practical solutions remain to be found. Traditional methods used in this area are imitation learning and reinforcement learning, but they both have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Abdalkarim Mohtasib , Gerhard Neumann , Heriberto Cuayahuitl

To solve complex real-world problems with reinforcement learning, we cannot rely on manually specified reward functions. Instead, we can have humans communicate an objective to the agent directly. In this work, we combine two approaches to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-16 Borja Ibarz , Jan Leike , Tobias Pohlen , Geoffrey Irving , Shane Legg , Dario Amodei

A longstanding goal of the field of AI is a method for learning a highly capable, generalist agent from diverse experience. In the subfields of vision and language, this was largely achieved by scaling up transformer-based models and…

We create a novel benchmark for evaluating a Deployable Lifelong Learning system for Visual Reinforcement Learning (RL) that is pretrained on a curated dataset, and propose a novel Scalable Lifelong Learning system capable of retaining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Kiran Lekkala , Eshan Bhargava , Yunhao Ge , Laurent Itti

The branching factor of a game is the average number of new states reachable from a given state. It is a widely used metric in AI research on board games, but less often computed or discussed for videogames. This paper provides estimates…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-09 Mark J. Nelson

A key task in Artificial Intelligence is learning effective policies for controlling agents in unknown environments to optimize performance measures. Off-policy learning methods, like Q-learning, allow learners to make optimal decisions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Mingxuan Li , Junzhe Zhang , Elias Bareinboim

This study conducts a comparative analysis of three advanced Deep Reinforcement Learning models: Deep Q-Networks (DQN), Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO), and Advantage Actor-Critic (A2C), within the BreakOut Atari game environment. Our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Neil De La Fuente , Daniel A. Vidal Guerra

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful tool for optimal control that has found great success in Atari games, the game of Go, robotic control, and building optimization. RL is also very brittle; agents often overfit to their training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Doseok Jang , Larry Yan , Lucas Spangher , Costas Spanos

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has achieved remarkable success in sequential decision tasks. However, recent studies have revealed the vulnerability of RL policies to different perturbations, raising concerns about their effectiveness and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Buqing Nie , Yangqing Fu , Jingtian Ji , Yue Gao