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Analyses of urban scaling laws assume that observations in different cities are independent of the existence of nearby cities. Here we introduce generative models and data-analysis methods that overcome this limitation by modelling…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-01-21 Eduardo G. Altmann

Reliable anticipation of traffic accidents is essential for advancing autonomous driving systems. However, this objective is limited by two fundamental challenges: the scarcity of diverse, high-quality training data and the frequent absence…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Yanchen Guan , Haicheng Liao , Chengyue Wang , Xingcheng Liu , Jiaxun Zhang , Zhenning Li

Inference of the network structure (e.g., routing topology) and dynamics (e.g., link performance) is an essential component in many network design and management tasks. In this paper we propose a new, general framework for analyzing and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-11-13 Jian Ni , Sekhar Tatikonda

Traffic data imputation is a critical preprocessing step in intelligent transportation systems, underpinning the reliability of downstream transportation services. Despite substantial progress in imputation models, model selection and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Shengnan Guo , Tonglong Wei , Yiheng Huang , Yan Lin , Zekai Shen , Yujuan Dong , Junliang Lin , Youfang Lin , Huaiyu Wan

We study spatial networks that are designed to distribute or collect a commodity, such as gas pipelines or train tracks. We focus on the cost of a network, as represented by the total length of all its edges, and its efficiency in terms of…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2007-05-23 Michael T. Gastner , M. E. J. Newman

Urban socioeconomic modeling has predominantly concentrated on extensive location and neighborhood-based features, relying on the localized population footprint. However, networks in urban systems are common, and many urban modeling methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Devashish Khulbe , Alexander Belyi , Stanislav Sobolevsky

Designing and optimizing the structure of urban transportation networks is a challenging task. In this study, we propose a method inspired by optimal transport theory and the principle of economy of scale that uses little information in…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-10-10 Daniela Leite , Caterina De Bacco

Adaptive networks appear in many biological applications. They combine topological evolution of the network with dynamics in the network nodes. Recently, the dynamics of adaptive networks has been investigated in a number of parallel…

Physics and Society · Physics 2008-01-23 Thilo Gross , Bernd Blasius

Several network growth models have been proposed in the literature that attempt to incorporate properties of citation networks. Generally, these models aim at retaining the degree distribution observed in real-world networks. In this work,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Dattatreya Mohapatra , Siddharth Pal , Soham De , Ponnurangam Kumaraguru , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Various statistical analysis methods are studied for years to extract accurate trends of network traffic and predict the future load mainly to allocate required resources. Besides, many stochastic modeling techniques are offered to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-12-30 Doğanalp Ergenç , Ertan Onur

We review the main tools which allow for the statistical characterization of weighted networks. We then present two case studies, the airline connection network and the scientific collaboration network, which are representative of critical…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-10 Marc Barthelemy , Alain Barrat , Romualdo Pastor-Satorras , Alessandro Vespignani

Fundamental to many transportation network studies, traffic flow models can be used to describe traffic dynamics determined by drivers' car-following, lane-changing, merging, and diverging behaviors. In this study, we develop a…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2013-07-31 Wen-Long Jin

Recently, several methods have leveraged deep generative modeling to produce example-based explanations of image classifiers. Despite producing visually stunning results, these methods are largely disconnected from classical explainability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Philipp Vaeth , Alexander M. Fruehwald , Benjamin Paassen , Magda Gregorova

While network science has become an indispensable tool for studying complex systems, the conventional use of pairwise links often shows limitations in describing high-order interactions properly. Hypergraphs, where each edge can connect…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-12-20 Zhao Li , Jing Zhang , Jiqiang Zhang , Guozhong Zheng , Weiran Cai , Li Chen

Despite the common misconception of nearly static organisms, plants do interact continuously with the environment and with each other. It is fair to assume that during their evolution they developed particular features to overcome problems…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2016-02-19 Gianna Vivaldo , Elisa Masi , Camilla Pandolfi , Stefano Mancuso , Guido Caldarelli

Urban modeling is essential for city planning, scene synthesis, and gaming. Existing image-based methods generate diverse layouts but often lack geometric continuity and scalability, while graph-based methods capture structural relations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Mengyuan Niu , Xinxin Zhuo , Ruizhe Wang , Yuyue Huang , Junyan Yang , Qiao Wang

The representation of complex systems as networks is inappropriate for the study of certain problems. We show several examples of social, biological, ecological and technological systems where the use of complex networks gives very limited…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-04-02 Ernesto Estrada , Juan A. Rodriguez-Velazquez

Networked structures arise in a wide array of different contexts such as technological and transportation infrastructures, social phenomena, and biological systems. These highly interconnected systems have recently been the focus of a great…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-10 Alain Barrat , Marc Barthelemy , Romualdo Pastor-Satorras , Alessandro Vespignani

Due to limited resources and fast economic growth, designing optimal transportation road networks with traffic simulation and validation in a cost-effective manner is vital for developing countries, where extensive manual testing is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Zarif Ikram , Ling Pan , Dianbo Liu

Modeling mixed-traffic motion and interactions is crucial to assess safety, efficiency, and feasibility of future urban areas. The lack of traffic regulations, diverse transport modes, and the dynamic nature of mixed-traffic zones like…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Fatema T. Johora , Dongfang Yang , Jörg P. Müller , Ümit Özgüner