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For a positive integer $n$ let $\mathcal{X}_n$ be either the algebra $M_n$ of $n \times n$ complex matrices, the set $N_n$ of all $n \times n$ normal matrices, or any of the matrix Lie groups $\mathrm{GL}(n)$, $\mathrm{SL}(n)$ and…

Given a finite subset S in F_p^d, let a(S) be the number of distinct r-tuples (x_1,...,x_r) in S such that x_1+...+x_r = 0. We consider the "moments" F(m,n) = sum_|S|=n a(S)^m. Specifically, we present an explicit formula for F(m,n) as a…

The Hardy-Littlewood majorant problem has a positive answer only for expo- nents p which are even integers, while there are counterexamples for all p =2 2N. Montgomery conjectured that there exist counterexamples even among idempotent…

In this paper, we consider the non-symmetric positive semidefinite Procrustes (NSPSDP) problem: Given two matrices $X,Y \in \mathbb{R}^{n,m}$, find the matrix $A \in \mathbb{R}^{n,n}$ that minimizes the Frobenius norm of $AX-Y$ and which is…

For probability distributions on $\mathbb{R}^n$, we study the optimal sample size N = N(n,p) that suffices to uniformly approximate the pth moments of all one-dimensional marginals. Under the assumption that the marginals have bounded 4p…

In this note we classify the necessary and the sufficient conditions that an index of a superconformal theory in $3\leq d \leq 6$ must obey for the theory to have enhanced supersymmetry. We do that by noting that the index distinguishes a…

It is known that the elementary symmetric polynomials $e_k(x)$ have the property that if $ x, y \in [0,\infty)^n$ and $e_k(x) \leq e_k(y)$ for all $k$, then $||x||_p \leq ||y||_p$ for all real $0\leq p \leq 1$, and moreover $||x||_p \geq…

A perfect matching in a 4-uniform hypergraph is a subset of $\lfloor\frac{n}{4}\rfloor$ disjoint edges. We prove that if $H$ is a sufficiently large 4-uniform hypergraph on $n=4k$ vertices such that every vertex belongs to more than…

The discrete non-Abelian symmetry $A_4$, valid at some high-energy scale, naturally leads to degenerate neutrino masses, without spoiling the hierarchy of charged-lepton masses. Realistic neutrino mass splittings and mixing angles (one of…

Let $\textrm{Mat}_2(\mathbb{R})$ be the set of $2 \times 2$ matrices with real entries. For any $\varepsilon>0$ and any finitely--supported probability measure $\mu$ on $\textrm{Mat}_2(\mathbb{R})$, we prove that either \[ T(\mu) = \sum_{X,…

We study the N=4 harmonic superparticle model, both with and without central charge and quantize it. Since the central charge breaks the U(4) R-symmetry group of the N=4 superalgebra down to USp(4), we consider the superparticle dynamics in…

The superconformal group of N=4 super-Yang-Mills has two types of operator representations: short and long. We conjecture that operator product expansions for which at least two of the three operators are short exactly respect a bonus…

It is shown that all the (p,q) dyon bound states exist and are unique in N=4 and N=2 with four massless flavours supersymmetric SU(2) Yang-Mills theories, where p and q are any relatively prime integers. The proof can be understood in the…

By examining asymptotic behavior of certain infinite basic ($q$-) hypergeometric sums at roots of unity (that is, at a "$q$-microscopic" level) we prove polynomial congruences for their truncations. The latter reduce to non-trivial…

We study a question with connections to linear algebra, real algebraic geometry, combinatorics, and complex analysis. Let $p(x,y)$ be a polynomial of degree $d$ with $N$ positive coefficients and no negative coefficients, such that $p=1$…

We provide the classification of real forms of complex D=4 Euclidean algebra $\mathcal{\epsilon}(4; \mathbb{C}) = \mathfrak{o}(4;\mathbb{C})) \ltimes \mathbf{T}_{\mathbb{C}}^4$ as well as (pseudo)real forms of complex D=4 Euclidean…

We prove an analogous Hanner's Inequality of $L^p$ spaces for positive semidefinite matrices. Let $||X||_p=\text{Tr}[(X^\ast X)^{p/2}]^{1/p}$ denote the $p$-Schatten norm of a matrix $X\in M_{n\times n}(\mathbb{C})$. We show that the…

Here is one of the results obtained in this paper: Let $X, Y$ be two convex sets each in a real vector space, let $J:X\times Y\to {\bf R}$ be convex and without global minima in $X$ and concave in $Y$, and let $\Phi:X\to {\bf R}$ be…

Suppose that a continuous on the real axis $2\pi$-periodic function $f$ changes its convexity at $2s,\ s\in\Bbb N,$ points $y_i$ on each period: $-\pi\le y_{2s}<y_{2s-1}<...<y_1<\pi,$ and for the rest $i\in\Bbb Z,$ the points $y_i$ are…

In this paper we explore inequalities between symmetric homogeneous polynomials of degree four of three real variables and three nonnegative real variables. The main theorems describe the cases in which the smallest possible coefficient is…