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The emission of very-high-energy photons (VHE, E>100 GeV$) in blazars is closely connected to the production of ultra-relativistic particles and the role of these gamma-ray sources as cosmic particle accelerators. This work focuses on a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-03-04 M. Nievas Rosillo , A. Domínguez , G. Chiaro , G. La Mura , A. Brill , V. S. Paliya

Very-high energy (VHE; $>$100 GeV) $\gamma$-ray emission originates via some of the most extreme particle acceleration processes in the universe. Considering beamed active galactic nuclei, i.e., blazars, only a small fraction, mainly high…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-10 Sushmita Agarwal , Vaidehi S. Paliya

X-ray selected BL Lac objects dominate the population of extragalactic sources detected in the very high energy (VHE; photon energies >100GeV) gamma-ray regime with ground-based Cherenkov Telescopes. These are not the only extragalactic VHE…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-14 L. Stawarz

Large number of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) producing Very-High-Energy (VHE) gamma-rays (energies above 100~GeV) has been revealed using observations with Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs). However, our knowledge of the VHE…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-06-11 A. Neronov , D. Semikoz

High-energy observations of extreme BL Lac objects, such as 1ES0229+200 or 1ES 0347-121, recently focused interest both for blazar and jet physics and for the implication on the extragalactic background light and intergalactic magnetic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-12-17 F. Tavecchio , G. Bonnoli

The detection of very-high-energy (VHE; $>$100 GeV) $\gamma$-ray radiation from misaligned jetted Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) challenges the emission models that primarily explain VHE emissions from beamed AGN, i.e., blazars. Using over 16…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-08-25 Gunjan Tomar , Vaidehi S. Paliya , D. J. Saikia , C. S. Stalin

The second catalog of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) in two years of scientific operation is presented. The Second LAT AGN Catalog (2LAC) includes 1017 gamma-ray sources located at high…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-30 LAT Collaboration

High energy observations of extreme BL Lac objects, such as 1ES 0229+200 or 1ES 0347-121, recently focused interest both for blazar and jet physics and for the implication on the extragalactic background light and intergalactic magnetic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-25 Giacomo Bonnoli , Fabrizio Tavecchio , Gabriele Ghisellini , Tullia Sbarrato

Extreme high-energy peaked BL Lac objects (EHBLs) are an emerging class of blazars with exceptional spectral properties. The non-thermal emission of the relativistic jet peaks in the spectral energy distribution (SED) plot with the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-07-19 L. Foffano , E. Prandini , A. Franceschini , S. Paiano

The availability of simultaneous X-ray and Very High Energy (VHE) observations of blazars helps to identify the plausible radiative contributors to the VHE emission. Under leptonic scenario, the VHE emission from BL Lacs are attributed to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-08-21 Aaqib Manzoor , Sunder Sahayanathan , Zahir Shah , Subir Bhattacharyya , Naseer Iqbal , Zahoor Malik

We present a search for high-energy $\gamma$-ray emission from 566 Active Galactic Nuclei at redshift $z > 0.2$, from the 2WHSP catalog of high-synchrotron peaked BL Lac objects with eight years of Fermi-LAT data. We focus on a redshift…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-08-12 Michael W. Toomey , Foteini Oikonomou , Kohta Murase

Blazars are the most abundant class of known extragalactic very-high-energy (VHE, E>100 GeV) gamma-ray sources. However, one of the biggest difficulties in investigating their VHE emission resides in their limited number, since less than 60…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-14 H. Prokoph , Y. Becherini , M. Böttcher , C. Boisson , J. -P. Lenain , I. Sushch

Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) make up about 35 per cent of the more than 250 sources detected in very-high-energy (VHE) gamma rays to date with Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes. Apart from four nearby radio galaxies and two AGNs of…

We study the possible detection of and properties of very high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission (in the energy band above 100 GeV) from high redshift sources. We report on the detection of VHE gamma-ray flux from blazars with redshifts…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-08-20 A. Neronov , D. V. Semikoz , A. M. Taylor , Ie. Vovk

Observations of the gamma-ray sky with Fermi led to significant advances towards understanding blazars, the most extreme class of Active Galactic Nuclei. A large fraction of the population detected by Fermi is formed by BL Lacertae (BL Lac)…

Extreme high-frequency peaked BL Lac objects (EHBLs) are blazars which exhibit extremely energetic synchrotron emission. They also feature non-thermal gamma-ray emission whose peak lies in the very high-energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) range, and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-08-21 MAGIC Collaboration , V. A. Acciari , S. Ansoldi , L. A. Antonelli , A. Arbet Engels , K. Asano , D. Baack , A. Babić , B. Banerjee , U. Barres de Almeida , J. A. Barrio , J. Becerra González , W. Bednarek , L. Bellizzi , E. Bernardini , A. Berti , J. Besenrieder , W. Bhattacharyya , C. Bigongiari , A. Biland , O. Blanch , G. Bonnoli , Ž. Bošnjak , G. Busetto , R. Carosi , G. Ceribella , M. Cerruti , Y. Chai , A. Chilingaryan , S. Cikota , S. M. Colak , U. Colin , E. Colombo , J. L. Contreras , J. Cortina , S. Covino , V. D'Elia , P. Da Vela , F. Dazzi , A. De Angelis , B. De Lotto , M. Delfino , J. Delgado , D. Depaoli , F. Di Pierro , L. Di Venere , E. Do Souto Espiñeira , D. Dominis Prester , A. Donini , D. Dorner , M. Doro , D. Elsaesser , V. Fallah Ramazani , A. Fattorini , G. Ferrara , D. Fidalgo , L. Foffano , M. V. Fonseca , L. Font , C. Fruck , S. Fukami , R. J. García López , M. Garczarczyk , S. Gasparyan , M. Gaug , N. Giglietto , F. Giordano , N. Godinović , D. Green , D. Guberman , D. Hadasch , A. Hahn , J. Herrera , J. Hoang , D. Hrupec , M. Hütten , T. Inada , S. Inoue , K. Ishio , Y. Iwamura , L. Jouvin , D. Kerszberg , H. Kubo , J. Kushida , A. Lamastra , D. Lelas , F. Leone , E. Lindfors , S. Lombardi , F. Longo , M. López , R. López-Coto , A. López-Oramas , S. Loporchio , B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga , C. Maggio , P. Majumdar , M. Makariev , M. Mallamaci , G. Maneva , M. Manganaro , K. Mannheim , L. Maraschi , M. Mariotti , M. Martínez , D. Mazin , S. Mićanović , D. Miceli , M. Minev , J. M. Miranda , R. Mirzoyan , E. Molina , A. Moralejo , D. Morcuende , V. Moreno , E. Moretti , P. Munar-Adrover , V. Neustroev , C. Nigro , K. Nilsson , D. Ninci , K. Nishijima , K. Noda , L. Nogués , S. Nozaki , S. Paiano , M. Palatiello , D. Paneque , R. Paoletti , J. M. Paredes , P. Peñil , M. Peresano , M. Persic , P. G. Prada Moroni , E. Prandini , I. Puljak , W. Rhode , M. Ribó , J. Rico , C. Righi , A. Rugliancich , L. Saha , N. Sahakyan , T. Saito , S. Sakurai , K. Satalecka , K. Schmidt , T. Schweizer , J. Sitarek , I. Šnidarić , D. Sobczynska , A. Somero , A. Stamerra , D. Strom , M. Strzys , Y. Suda , T. Surić , M. Takahashi , F. Tavecchio , P. Temnikov , T. Terzić , M. Teshima , N. Torres-Albà , L. Tosti , V. Vagelli , J. van Scherpenberg , G. Vanzo , M. Vazquez Acosta , C. F. Vigorito , V. Vitale , I. Vovk , M. Will , D. Zarić , C. Arcaro , A. Carosi , F. D'Ammando , F. Tombesi , A. Lohfink

Extremely high-peaked BL Lac objects (or extreme blazars) are unique extragalactic laboratories where particle acceleration processes are pushed at their physical limits. In these blazars, synchrotron emission peaking above keV energies is…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-08 L. Foffano , C. Arcaro , A. Arbet-Engels , F. D'Ammando , P. Da Vela , J. Jormanainen , D. Linder , S. Menon , E. Prandini , S. Ventura , E. Visentin

Blazars are a subclass of active galactic nuclei (AGN) that emit non-thermal radiation through relativistic jets, characterized by rapid flux and polarization variability. High synchrotron-peaked blazars (HSPs) and extreme high…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-26 Adithiya Dinesh , Alberto Dominguez , V. Paliya , J. L. Contreras , S. Buson , M. Ajello

Extremely high-peaked BL Lac objects - also named extreme blazars - are among the most energetic and persistent extragalactic accelerators in the Universe, defined by a synchrotron emission peaking above $10^{17}$ Hz in X-rays. Such…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-06 K. Abe , S. Abe , J. Abhir , A. Abhishek , V. A. Acciari , F. Acero , A. Aguasca-Cabot , I. Agudo , C. Alispach , D. Ambrosino , F. Ambrosino , T. Aniello , S. Ansoldi , L. A. Antonelli , C. Aramo , A. Arbet-Engels , C. Arcaro , T. T. H. Arnesen , P. Aubert , A. Babić , C. Bakshi , A. Baktash , M. Balbo , A. Bamba , A. Baquero Larriva , U. Barres de Almeida , J. A. Barrio , L. Barrios Jiménez , I. Batkovic , J. Baxter , J. Becerra González , W. Bednarek , E. Bernardini , J. Bernete , A. Berti , C. Bigongiari , A. Biland , E. Bissaldi , O. Blanch , G. Bonnoli , P. Bordas , Ž. Bošnjak , A. Briscioli , E. Bronzini , G. Brunelli , J. Buces , A. Bulgarelli , I. Burelli , L. Burmistrov , A. Campoy-Ordaz , M. Cardillo , S. Caroff , A. Carosi , R. Carosi , R. Carraro , M. Carretero-Castrillo , F. Cassol , A. J. Castro-Tirado , D. Cerasole , G. Ceribella , A. Cerviño Cortínez , Y. Chai , G. Chon , L. Chytka , G. M. Cicciari , A. Cifuentes Santos , J. L. Contreras , J. Cortina , S. Covino , H. Costantini , M. Croisonnier , M. Dalchenko , G. D'Amico , P. Da Vela , F. Dazzi , A. De Angelis , M. de Bony de Lavergne , R. Del Burgo , M. Delfino , C. Delgado , J. Delgado Mengual , D. della Volpe , B. De Lotto , L. Del Peral , R. de Menezes , G. De Palma , V. de Souza , C. Díaz , L. Di Bella , A. Di Piano , F. Di Pierro , R. Di Tria , L. Di Venere , A. Dinesh , D. Dominis Prester , A. Donini , D. Dorner , M. Doro , L. Eisenberger , D. Elsässer , G. Emery , L. Feligioni , J. Escudero , L. Fariña , F. Ferrarotto , A. Fiasson , L. Foffano , L. Font , F. Frías García-Lago , S. Fröse , Y. Fukazawa , S. Gallozzi , R. Garcia López , S. Garcia Soto , C. Gasbarra , D. Gasparrini , S. Gasparyan , M. Gaug , J. Giesbrecht Paiva , N. Giglietto , F. Giordano , P. Gliwny , N. Godinovic , T. Gradetzke , R. Grau , J. Green , G. Grolleron , S. Gunji , P. Günther , J. Hackfeld , D. Hadasch , A. Hahn , G. Harutyunyan , M. Hashizume , T. 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Martin , O. Martinez , G. Martínez , M. Martínez , M. Massa , P. Maruševec , D. Mazin , S. Menchiari , J. Méndez-Gallego , S. Menon , E. Mestre Guillen , D. Miceli , T. Miener , J. M. Miranda , R. Mirzoyan , M. Molero Gonzalez , E. Molina , H. A. Mondal , T. Montaruli , A. Moralejo , A. Morselli , V. Moya , A. L. Müller , H. Muraishi , S. Nagataki , T. Nakamori , C. Nanci , A. Negro , A. Neronov , V. Neustroev , D. Nieto Castaño , M. Nievas Rosillo , C. Nigro , L. Nikolic , K. Noda , V. Novotny , S. Nozaki , M. Ohishi , A. Okumura , R. Orito , L. Orsini , J. Otero-Santos , P. Ottanelli , S. Paiano , M. Palatiello , G. Panebianco , D. Paneque , R. Paoletti , J. M. Paredes , M. Pech , M. Pecimotika , M. Peresano , F. Perrotta , M. Persic , F. Pfeifle , M. Pihet , G. Pirola , C. Plard , F. Podobnik , M. Polo , C. Pozo-Gonzaléz , P. G. Prada Moroni , E. Prandini , S. Rainò , R. Rando , W. Rhode , M. Ribó , J. Rico , G. Rodriguez Fer dez , M. D. Rodríguez Frías , A. Roy , A. Ruina , E. Ruiz-Velasco , N. Sahakyan , T. Saito , S. Sakurai , D. A. Sanchez , H. Sano , E. Santos Moura , T. Šarić , Y. Sato , F. G. Saturni , V. Savchenko , F. Schiavone , K. Schmitz , F. Schmuckermaier , F. Schussler , T. Schweizer , M. Seglar Arroyo , A. Sciaccaluga , G. Silvestri , A. Simongini , J. Sitarek , V. Sliusar , I. Sofia , D. Sobczynska , A. Stamerra , J. Strišković , D. Strom , M. Strzys , Y. Suda , A. Sunny , H. Tajima , M. Takahashi , R. Takeishi , S. J. Tanaka , D. Tateishi , T. Tavernier , P. Temnikov , Y. Terada , K. Terauchi , T. Terzic , M. Teshima , M. Tluczykont , T. Tomura , D. F. Torres , F. Tramonti , P. Travnicek , G. Tripodo , A. Tutone , S. Ubach , M. Vacula , M. Vázquez Acosta , S. Ventura , G. Verna , I. Viale , A. Viana , A. Vigliano , C. F. Vigorito , E. Visentin , V. Vitale , G. Voutsinas , I. Vovk , T. Vuillaume , R. Walter , C. Walther , F. Wersig , M. Will , T. Yamamoto , R. Yamazaki , Y. Yao , P. K. H. Yeung , T. Yoshida , T. Yoshikoshi , W. Zhang , N. Zywucka , F. D'Ammando , D. Linder , F. Wierda

Extreme high-energy peaked BL Lac objects (EHBLs) are blazars whose synchrotron emission peaks at exceptionally high energies, above few keV, in the hard X-ray regime. So far, only a handful of those objects has been detected at very high…

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