Extreme Blazars Observed with MAGIC: Second Catalog Release
Abstract
Extremely high-peaked BL Lac objects - also named extreme blazars - are among the most energetic and persistent extragalactic accelerators in the Universe, defined by a synchrotron emission peaking above Hz in X-rays. Such emission is then reprocessed and produces radiation extending deeply into very-high-energy (VHE, energy E>100 GeV) gamma rays. Observations in this energy band - optimally investigated by the Imaging Air-Shower Cherenkov telescopes - are crucial for probing the physical processes that drive their extreme behavior. This study extends our investigation of extreme blazars in the VHE gamma-ray range, providing a second new mini-catalog of sources observed by the MAGIC telescopes. We report on the monitoring of seven targets between 2017 and 2025, including four newly observed sources and three that have been part of long-term observation campaigns, for a total of approximately 338 hours of observations. The analysis of MAGIC data reveals two new VHE detections of extreme blazars, along with three additional sources showing hints of VHE emission. Joint observations of MAGIC and the first Large-Sized Telescope (LST-1) also confirmed a new VHE extreme blazar. Our results are complemented by simultaneous multiwavelength observations in other energy bands, including optical-UV, X-rays, and high-energy gamma rays (100 MeV<E<100 GeV). We confirm typical behavior of extreme blazars, such as a modest variability and a ``harder-when-brighter'' trend in X-rays across the sample. This new set increases the population of extreme blazars and their broadband analysis confirms the physical properties of these extreme sources.
Keywords
Cite
@article{arxiv.2604.05576,
title = {Extreme Blazars Observed with MAGIC: Second Catalog Release},
author = {K. Abe and S. Abe and J. Abhir and A. Abhishek and V. A. Acciari and F. Acero and A. Aguasca-Cabot and I. Agudo and C. Alispach and D. Ambrosino and F. Ambrosino and T. Aniello and S. Ansoldi and L. A. Antonelli and C. Aramo and A. Arbet-Engels and C. Arcaro and T. T. H. Arnesen and P. Aubert and A. Babić and C. Bakshi and A. Baktash and M. Balbo and A. Bamba and A. Baquero Larriva and U. Barres de Almeida and J. A. Barrio and L. Barrios Jiménez and I. Batkovic and J. Baxter and J. Becerra González and W. Bednarek and E. Bernardini and J. Bernete and A. Berti and C. Bigongiari and A. Biland and E. Bissaldi and O. Blanch and G. Bonnoli and P. Bordas and Ž. Bošnjak and A. Briscioli and E. Bronzini and G. Brunelli and J. Buces and A. Bulgarelli and I. Burelli and L. Burmistrov and A. Campoy-Ordaz and M. Cardillo and S. Caroff and A. Carosi and R. Carosi and R. Carraro and M. Carretero-Castrillo and F. Cassol and A. J. Castro-Tirado and D. Cerasole and G. Ceribella and A. Cerviño Cortínez and Y. Chai and G. Chon and L. Chytka and G. M. Cicciari and A. Cifuentes Santos and J. L. Contreras and J. Cortina and S. Covino and H. Costantini and M. Croisonnier and M. Dalchenko and G. D'Amico and P. Da Vela and F. Dazzi and A. De Angelis and M. de Bony de Lavergne and R. Del Burgo and M. Delfino and C. Delgado and J. Delgado Mengual and D. della Volpe and B. De Lotto and L. Del Peral and R. de Menezes and G. De Palma and V. de Souza and C. Díaz and L. Di Bella and A. Di Piano and F. Di Pierro and R. Di Tria and L. Di Venere and A. Dinesh and D. Dominis Prester and A. Donini and D. Dorner and M. Doro and L. Eisenberger and D. Elsässer and G. Emery and L. Feligioni and J. Escudero and L. Fariña and F. Ferrarotto and A. Fiasson and L. Foffano and L. Font and F. Frías García-Lago and S. Fröse and Y. Fukazawa and S. Gallozzi and R. Garcia López and S. Garcia Soto and C. Gasbarra and D. Gasparrini and S. Gasparyan and M. Gaug and J. Giesbrecht Paiva and N. Giglietto and F. Giordano and P. Gliwny and N. Godinovic and T. Gradetzke and R. Grau and J. Green and G. Grolleron and S. Gunji and P. Günther and J. Hackfeld and D. Hadasch and A. Hahn and G. Harutyunyan and M. Hashizume and T. Hassan and K. Hayashi and L. Heckmann and M. Heller and J. Herrera Llorente and N. Hiroshima and D. Hoffmann and D. Horns and J. Houles and D. Hrupec and R. Imazawa and T. Inada and S. Inoue and K. Ioka and M. Iori and D. Israyelyan and T. Itokawa and A. Iuliano and J. Jahanvi and I. Jimenez Martinez and J. Jimenez Quiles and I. Jorge Rodrigo and J. Jormanainen and J. Jurysek and M. Kagaya and S. Kankkunen and V. Karas and H. Katagiri and T. Kayanoki and D. Kerszberg and T. Kiyomoto and G. W. Kluge and Y. Kobayashi and K. Kohri and J. Konrad and P. Kornecki and P. M. Kouch and G. Koziol and H. Kubo and J. Kushida and B. Lacave and M. Lainez and A. Lamastra and L. Lemoigne and E. Lindfors and M. Linhoff and S. Lombardi and F. Longo and R. López-Coto and M. López-Moya and A. López-Oramas and S. Loporchio and J. Lozano Bahilo and F. Lucarelli and H. Luciani and L. Lulić and P. L. Luque-Escamilla and E. Lyard and P. Majumdar and M. Makariev and M. Mallamaci and D. Mandat and G. Maneva and M. Manganaro and S. Mangano and K. Mannheim and S. Marchesi and F. Marini and M. Mariotti and P. Marquez and G. Marsella and J. Martí and D. Martin and O. Martinez and G. Martínez and M. Martínez and M. Massa and P. Maruševec and D. Mazin and S. Menchiari and J. Méndez-Gallego and S. Menon and E. Mestre Guillen and D. Miceli and T. Miener and J. M. Miranda and R. Mirzoyan and M. Molero Gonzalez and E. Molina and H. A. Mondal and T. Montaruli and A. Moralejo and A. Morselli and V. Moya and A. L. Müller and H. Muraishi and S. Nagataki and T. Nakamori and C. Nanci and A. Negro and A. Neronov and V. Neustroev and D. Nieto Castaño and M. Nievas Rosillo and C. Nigro and L. Nikolic and K. Noda and V. Novotny and S. Nozaki and M. Ohishi and A. Okumura and R. Orito and L. Orsini and J. Otero-Santos and P. Ottanelli and S. Paiano and M. Palatiello and G. Panebianco and D. Paneque and R. Paoletti and J. M. Paredes and M. Pech and M. Pecimotika and M. Peresano and F. Perrotta and M. Persic and F. Pfeifle and M. Pihet and G. Pirola and C. Plard and F. Podobnik and M. Polo and C. Pozo-Gonzaléz and P. G. Prada Moroni and E. Prandini and S. Rainò and R. Rando and W. Rhode and M. Ribó and J. Rico and G. Rodriguez Fer dez and M. D. Rodríguez Frías and A. Roy and A. Ruina and E. Ruiz-Velasco and N. Sahakyan and T. Saito and S. Sakurai and D. A. Sanchez and H. Sano and E. Santos Moura and T. Šarić and Y. Sato and F. G. Saturni and V. Savchenko and F. Schiavone and K. Schmitz and F. Schmuckermaier and F. Schussler and T. Schweizer and M. Seglar Arroyo and A. Sciaccaluga and G. Silvestri and A. Simongini and J. Sitarek and V. Sliusar and I. Sofia and D. Sobczynska and A. Stamerra and J. Strišković and D. Strom and M. Strzys and Y. Suda and A. Sunny and H. Tajima and M. Takahashi and R. Takeishi and S. J. Tanaka and D. Tateishi and T. Tavernier and P. Temnikov and Y. Terada and K. Terauchi and T. Terzic and M. Teshima and M. Tluczykont and T. Tomura and D. F. Torres and F. Tramonti and P. Travnicek and G. Tripodo and A. Tutone and S. Ubach and M. Vacula and M. Vázquez Acosta and S. Ventura and G. Verna and I. Viale and A. Viana and A. Vigliano and C. F. Vigorito and E. Visentin and V. Vitale and G. Voutsinas and I. Vovk and T. Vuillaume and R. Walter and C. Walther and F. Wersig and M. Will and T. Yamamoto and R. Yamazaki and Y. Yao and P. K. H. Yeung and T. Yoshida and T. Yoshikoshi and W. Zhang and N. Zywucka and F. D'Ammando and D. Linder and F. Wierda},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2604.05576},
year = {2026}
}
Comments
Accepted for publication in ApJ