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The thermodynamic uncertainty relation sets the minimal bound of the cost-precision trade-off relation for dissipative processes. Examining the dynamics of an internally coupled system that is driven by a constant thermodynamic force, we…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-09-19 Sangwon Lee , Changbong Hyeon , Junghyo Jo

Physical systems driven away from equilibrium by an external controller dissipate heat to the environment; the excess entropy production in the thermal reservoir can be interpreted as a "cost" to transform the system in a finite time. The…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-12-31 Jérémie Klinger , Grant M. Rotskoff

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) represent a benchmark result in nonequilibrium physics that allows to place fundamental lower bounds on the noise-to-signal ratio (precision) of currents in nanoscale devices. Originally formulated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-24 Andre M. Timpanaro , Giacomo Guarnieri , Gabriel T. Landi

We establish a general lower bound for the entropy production rate (EPR) based on the Kullback-Leibler divergence and the Logarithmic-Sobolev constant that characterizes the time-scale of relaxation. This bound can be considered as an…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-10-31 Ruicheng Bao , Chaoqun Du , Zhiyu Cao , Zhonghuai Hou

We investigate the tightness and optimality of thermodynamic-uncertainty-relation (TUR)-type inequalities from two aspects, the choice of the Fisher information and the class of possible observables. We show that there exists the best…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-04-26 Naoto Shiraishi

Clocks are inherently out-of-equilibrium because, due to friction, they constantly consume free energy to keep track of time. The Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relation (TUR) quantifies the trade-off between the precision of any…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-02-05 Ashwin Gopal , Massimiliano Esposito , Nahuel Freitas

We examine the so-called thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR), a cost-precision trade-off relationship in transport systems. Based on the fluctuation symmetry, we derive a condition on the validity of the TUR for general nonequilibrium…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-10-31 Bijay Kumar Agarwalla , Dvira Segal

Thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) provides a stricter bound for entropy production (EP) than that of the thermodynamic second law. This stricter bound can be utilized to infer the EP and derive other trade-off relations. Though the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-11-24 Jae Sung Lee , Jong-Min Park , Hyunggyu Park

Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relations (TURs) are relations that establish lower bounds for the relative fluctuations of thermodynamic quantities in terms of the statistics of the associated entropy production. In this work we derive a family…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-24 André M. Timpanaro

The theory of stochastic thermodynamics has revealed many useful fluctuation relations, with the thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) being a theorem of major interest. When many nonequilibrium currents interact with each other, a naive…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-10-16 Michalis Chatzittofi , Ramin Golestanian , Jaime Agudo-Canalejo

In nonequilibrium steady states of Markov jump processes, we derive exact Fluctuation-Response Relations (FRRs) that express the covariance between any pair of currents in terms of static responses in a notably simple form, thus…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-04-17 Timur Aslyamov , Krzysztof Ptaszyński , Massimiliano Esposito

Two widely used model-free lower bounds on the steady-state entropy production rate of a continuous-time Markov jump process are the thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) bound $\sigma_\text{TUR}$, derived from the mean and variance of a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-01-08 Jie Gu

Feedback cooling enables a system to achieve low temperatures through measurement-based control. Determining the thermodynamic cost required to achieve the ideal cooling efficiency within a finite time remains an important problem. In this…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-02 Kousuke Kumasaki , Kaito Tojo , Takahiro Sagawa , Ken Funo

Uncertainty relations in quantum mechanics express bounds on our ability to simultaneously obtain knowledge about expectation values of non-commuting observables of a quantum system. They quantify trade-offs in accuracy between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-16 Ilya Kull , Philippe Allard Guérin , Frank Verstraete

Nonequilibrium current fluctuations represent one of the central topics in nonequilibrium physics. The thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) is widely acclaimed for rigorously establishing a lower bound on current fluctuations, expressed…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-09 Van Tuan Vo , Andreas Dechant , Keiji Saito

The thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) quantifies a relationship between current fluctuations and dissipation in out-of-equilibrium overdamped Langevin dynamics, making it a natural counterpart of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-10-04 Rueih-Sheng Fu , Todd R. Gingrich

We use the fundamental nonequilibrium steady-state fluctuation symmetry and derive a condition on the validity of the thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) in thermal transport problems, classical or quantum alike. We test this condition…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-10-09 Sushant Saryal , Hava Friedman , Dvira Segal , Bijay Kumar Agarwalla

The thermodynamics and kinetics of a nonequilibrium classical system fundamentally constrain the precision of an observable regarding the celebrated thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) and the kinetic uncertainty relation (KUR). They…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-10 Kangqiao Liu , Jie Gu

We derive a thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) under quantum continuous measurement and feedback control. By incorporating the quantum-classical-transfer entropy, which quantifies the information gained by continuous measurement, we…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-20 Kaito Tojo , Takahiro Sagawa , Ken Funo

Universal relations that characterize the fluctuations of nonequilibrium systems are of fundamental importance. The thermodynamic and kinetic uncertainty relations impose upper bounds on the precision of currents solely by total entropy…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-08-30 Tomohiro Nishiyama