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The Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relation (TUR) is a lower bound for the variance of a current as a function of the average entropy production and average current. Depending on the assumptions, one obtains different versions of the TUR. For…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-01-04 Domingos S. P. Salazar

We derive a thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) for systems with unidirectional transitions. The uncertainty relation involves a mixture of thermodynamic and dynamic terms. Namely, the entropy production from bidirectional transitions,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-03-30 Arnab Pal , Shlomi Reuveni , Saar Rahav

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) place strict bounds on the fluctuations of thermodynamic quantities in terms of the associated entropy production. In this work we identify the tightest (and saturable) matrix-valued TUR that can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-07 André M. Timpanaro , Giacomo Guarnieri , John Goold , Gabriel T. Landi

We discuss how to use correlations between different physical observables to improve recently obtained thermodynamics bounds, notably the fluctuation-response inequality (FRI) and the thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR). We show that…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-01-10 Andreas Dechant , Shin-ichi Sasa

In nonequilibrium systems, the relative fluctuation of a current has a universal trade-off relation with the entropy production, called the thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR). For systems with broken time reversal symmetry, its…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-10-04 Jong-Min Park , Hyunggyu Park

Stability and efficiency are mutually exclusive in a thermodynamic process, e.g. in a thermal machine. Any effort to reduce the fluctuations of a certain output quantity is necessarily accompanied by an increase of entropy production,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-05-14 Franco Mayo , Nahual Sobrino , Rosario Fazio , Fabio Taddei , Michele Governale

We derive a thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) for first-passage times (FPTs) on continuous time Markov chains. The TUR utilizes the entropy production coming from bidirectional transitions, and the net flux coming from unidirectional…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-08-11 Arnab Pal , Shlomi Reuveni , Saar Rahav

Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relations (TURs) set universal bounds linking current fluctuations to entropy production in nonequilibrium steady states. Their multidimensional generalization (MTUR) introduces matrix inequalities connecting…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-05-07 Sergi Vidal , Alba Mayor-Fernandez , Rosa Lopez

Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relations express a trade-off between precision, defined as the noise-to-signal ratio of a generic current, and the amount of associated entropy production. These results have deep consequences for autonomous heat…

A universal large $\mathcal{N}$ theory of nonequilibrium fluctuations emerges in the limit of fast jump rates and large occupancies. We use this theory to derive a set of coarse grained thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TUR) -- one of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-01-12 Ohad Shpielberg , Arnab Pal

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) are a set of inequalities expressing a fundamental trade-off between precision and dissipation in non-equilibrium classical and quantum thermodynamic processes. TURs show that achieving low…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-07 Mario Motta , Antonio Mezzacapo , Giacomo Guarnieri

For classic systems, the thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) states that the fluctuations of a current have a lower bound in terms of the entropy production. Some TURs are rooted in information theory, particularly derived from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-27 Domingos S. P. Salazar

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) set fundamental bounds on the fluctuation and dissipation of stochastic systems. Here, we examine these bounds, in experiment and theory, by exploring the entire phase space of a cyclic information…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-09-23 Govind Paneru , Sandipan Dutta , Tsvi Tlusty , Hyuk Kyu Pak

The thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) is a fundamental principle in non-equilibrium thermodynamics that relates entropy production to fluctuations in a system, establishing a trade-off between the precision of an observable and the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-07 Arghya Maity , Ahana Ghoshal

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) and kinetic uncertainty relations (KURs) provide tradeoff relations between measurement precision and thermodynamic cost such as entropy production and activity. Conventionally, these relations are…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-12-16 Euijoon Kwon , Jae Sung Lee

Recently, it has been shown that there is a trade-off relation between thermodynamic cost and current fluctuations, referred to as the thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR). The TUR has been derived for various processes, such as…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-01-01 Jae Sung Lee , Jong-Min Park , Hyunggyu Park

The thermodynamic uncertainty relation is a universal trade-off relation connecting the precision of a current with the average dissipation at large times. For continuous time Markov chains (also called Markov jump processes) this relation…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-09-04 A. C. Barato , R. Chetrite , A. Faggionato , D. Gabrielli

We investigate fundamental limits on the performance of information processing systems from the perspective of information thermodynamics. We first extend the thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) to a subsystem. Specifically, for a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-01-04 Tomohiro Tanogami , Tan Van Vu , Keiji Saito

We derive bounds to the thermodynamic uncertainty relations in the linear-response regime for steady-state transport in two-terminal systems when time reversal symmetry is broken. We find that such bounds are different for charge and heat…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-09-26 Fabio Taddei , Rosario Fazio

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) bound the dissipation in non-equilibrium systems from below by fluctuations of an observed current. Contrasting the elaborate techniques employed in existing proofs, we here prove TURs directly…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-02-27 Cai Dieball , Aljaž Godec