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Large Language Models (LLMs) are trained on vast and diverse internet corpora that often include inaccurate or misleading content. Consequently, LLMs can generate misinformation, making robust fact-checking essential. This review…

In many reasoning tasks, large language models (LLMs) rely on structured external knowledge, such as graphs and tables, which is typically linearized into sequential token representations. However, even when sufficient knowledge is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Shanghao Li , Jinda Han , Yibo Wang , Yuanjie Zhu , Zihe Song , Langzhou He , Kenan Kamel A Alghythee , Philip S. Yu

While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance on factoid question answering, they are still prone to hallucination and untruthful responses, particularly when tasks demand information outside their parametric…

Advancement in large pretrained language models has significantly improved their performance for conditional language generation tasks including summarization albeit with hallucinations. To reduce hallucinations, conventional methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Arvind Krishna Sridhar , Erik Visser

Vision Language models (VLMs) often hallucinate non-existent objects. Detecting hallucination is analogous to detecting deception: a single final statement is insufficient, one must examine the underlying reasoning process. Yet existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Abin Shoby , Ta Duc Huy , Tuan Dung Nguyen , Minh Khoi Ho , Qi Chen , Anton van den Hengel , Phi Le Nguyen , Johan W. Verjans , Vu Minh Hieu Phan

Large language models (LLMs) frequently generate confident yet inaccurate responses, introducing significant risks for deployment in safety-critical domains. We present a novel, test-time approach to detecting model hallucination through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Hazel Kim , Tom A. Lamb , Adel Bibi , Philip Torr , Yarin Gal

Recent language models generate false but plausible-sounding text with surprising frequency. Such "hallucinations" are an obstacle to the usability of language-based AI systems and can harm people who rely upon their outputs. This work…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Adam Tauman Kalai , Santosh S. Vempala

Evaluating large language models (LLMs) for clinical documentation tasks such as SOAP note generation remains challenging. Unlike standard summarization, these tasks require clinical abstraction, normalization of colloquial language, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Bhavik Vachhani , Kush Shrisvastava , Pranshu Nema , Sai Chiranthan

Despite their impressive capacities, Large language models (LLMs) often struggle with the hallucination issue of generating inaccurate or fabricated content even when they possess correct knowledge. In this paper, we extend the exploration…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Jialiang Wu , Yi Shen , Sijia Liu , Yi Tang , Sen Song , Xiaoyi Wang , Longjun Cai

Improving factual consistency of abstractive summarization has been a widely studied topic. However, most of the prior works on training factuality-aware models have ignored the negative effect it has on summary quality. We propose EFACTSUM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Tanay Dixit , Fei Wang , Muhao Chen

Large language models (LLMs) often fabricate a hallucinatory text. Several methods have been developed to detect such text by semantically comparing it with the multiple versions probabilistically regenerated. However, a significant issue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Satoshi Munakata , Taku Fukui , Takao Mohri

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance across a wide range of natural language processing tasks, yet they often produce hallucinated content that undermines factual reliability. To address this challenge, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Yaxin Zhao , Yu Zhang

Hallucination detection is critical for ensuring the reliability of large language models (LLMs) in context-based generation. Prior work has explored intrinsic signals available during generation, among which attention offers a direct view…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Siya Qi , Yudong Chen , Runcong Zhao , Qinglin Zhu , Zhanghao Hu , Wei Liu , Yulan He , Zheng Yuan , Lin Gui

This paper primarily focuses on the hallucinations caused due to AI language models(LLMs).LLMs have shown extraordinary Language understanding and generation capabilities .Still it has major a disadvantage hallucinations which give outputs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Sailesh kiran kurra , Shiek Ruksana , Vishal Borusu

Modern summarization models generate highly fluent but often factually unreliable outputs. This motivated a surge of metrics attempting to measure the factuality of automatically generated summaries. Due to the lack of common benchmarks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Artidoro Pagnoni , Vidhisha Balachandran , Yulia Tsvetkov

Detecting factual errors in summaries has been an important and challenging subject in summarization research. Inspired by the emergent ability of large language models (LLMs), we explore evaluating factual consistency of summaries by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Shiqi Chen , Siyang Gao , Junxian He

Large Language Models (LLMs) enhanced with retrieval, an approach known as Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), have achieved strong performance in open-domain question answering. However, RAG remains prone to hallucinations: factually…

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced their ability to understand both natural language and code, driving their use in tasks like natural language-to-code (NL2Code) and code summarisation. However,…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have succeeded in a variety of natural language processing tasks [Zha+25]. However, they have notable limitations. LLMs tend to generate hallucinations, a seemingly plausible yet factually unsupported output…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Martin Preiß

Detecting hallucinations in large language models (LLMs) remains a fundamental challenge for their trustworthy deployment. Going beyond basic uncertainty-driven hallucination detection frameworks, we propose a simple yet powerful method…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Rui Wang , Zeming Wei , Guanzhang Yue , Meng Sun
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