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A regular language $L$ is union-free if it can be represented by a regular expression without the union operation. A union-free language is deterministic if it can be accepted by a deterministic one-cycle-free-path finite automaton; this is…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-01-04 Janusz A. Brzozowski , Sylvie Davies

Automata admitting at most one accepting run per structure, known as unambiguous automata, find applications in verification of reactive systems as they extend the class of deterministic automata whilst maintaining some of their desirable…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Anton Chernev , Corina Cîrstea , Helle Hvid Hansen , Clemens Kupke

Let $NFA_b(q)$ denote the set of languages accepted by nondeterministic finite automata with $q$ states over an alphabet with $b$ letters. Let $B_n$ denote the set of words of length $n$. We give a quadratic lower bound on the VC dimension…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-08-06 Bjørn Kjos-Hanssen , Clyde James Felix , Sun Young Kim , Ethan Lamb , Davin Takahashi

The infimal prefix-closed, controllable and observable superlanguage plays an essential role in the relationship between controllability, observability and co-observability -- the central notions of supervisory control theory. Existing…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-03-16 Tomáš Masopust

We prove that two-way probabilistic and quantum finite automata (2PFA's and 2QFA's) can be considerably more concise than both their one-way versions (1PFA's and 1QFA's), and two-way nondeterministic finite automata (2NFA's). For this…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-01-29 Abuzer Yakaryilmaz , A. C. Cem Say

Finite automata on infinite words ($\omega$-automata) proved to be a powerful weapon for modeling and reasoning infinite behaviors of reactive systems. Complementation of $\omega$-automata is crucial in many of these applications. But the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2011-09-20 Yang Cai , Ting Zhang

In this paper, we consider the transition complexity of regular languages based on the incomplete deterministic finite automata. A number of results on Boolean operations have been obtained. It is shown that the transition complexity…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2010-08-11 Yuan Gao , Kai Salomaa , Sheng Yu

This paper presents and analyzes an incremental algorithm for the construction of Acyclic Non-deterministic Finite-state Automata (NFA). Automata of this type are quite useful in computational linguistics, especially for storing lexicons.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Kyriakos N. Sgarbas , Nikos D. Fakotakis , George K. Kokkinakis

The two-way finite automaton with quantum and classical states (2QCFA), defined by Ambainis and Watrous, is a model of quantum computation whose quantum part is extremely limited; however, as they showed, 2QCFA are surprisingly powerful: a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-01-06 Zachary Remscrim

We consider the computability and complexity of decision questions for Probabilistic Finite Automata (PFA) with sub-exponential ambiguity. We show that the emptiness problem for strict and non-strict cut-points of polynomially ambiguous…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-07-30 Paul C. Bell

It is proved that every regular expression of alphabetic width $n$, that is, with $n$ occurrences of symbols of the alphabet, can be transformed into a deterministic finite automaton (DFA) with $2^{\frac{n}{2}+(\frac{\log_2…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Olga Martynova , Alexander Okhotin

A non-deterministic automaton running on infinite trees is unambiguous if it has at most one accepting run on every tree. The class of languages recognisable by unambiguous tree automata is still not well-understood. In particular,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-05-10 Henryk Michalewski , Michał Skrzypczak

Given a regular language L over an ordered alphabet $\Sigma$, the set of lexicographically smallest (resp., largest) words of each length is itself regular. Moreover, there exists an unambiguous finite-state transducer that, on a given word…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-03-19 Lukas Fleischer , Jeffrey Shallit

We investigate the magic number problem, that is, the question whether there exists a minimal n-state nondeterministic finite automaton (NFA) whose equivalent minimal deterministic finite automaton (DFA) has alpha states, for all n and…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2010-08-11 Markus Holzer , Sebastian Jakobi , Martin Kutrib

Exclusive nondeterministic finite automata (XNFA) are nondeterministic finite automata with a special acceptance condition. An input is accepted if there is exactly one accepting path in its computation tree. If there are none or more than…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Martin Kutrib , Andreas Malcher , Matthias Wendlandt

In this work we construct an automaton for the commutative closure of a given regular group language. The number of states of the resulting automaton is bounded by the number of states of the original automaton, raised to the power of the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-08-14 Stefan Hoffmann

We consider the state complexity of basic operations on tree languages recognized by deterministic unranked tree automata. For the operations of union and intersection the upper and lower bounds of both weakly and strongly deterministic…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2010-08-11 Xiaoxue Piao , Kai Salomaa

One-way quantum finite automata together with classical states (1QFAC) proposed in [Journal of Computer and System Sciences 81(2) (2015) 359--375] is a new one-way quantum finite automata (1QFA) model that integrates quantum finite automata…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-09 Ligang Xiao , Daowen Qiu

We prove that, paying a polynomial increase in size only, every unrestricted two-way nondeterministic finite automaton (2NFA) can be complemented by a 1-limited automaton (1-LA), a nondeterministic extension of 2NFAs still characterizing…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Bruno Guillon , Luca Prigioniero , Javad Taheri

We explore bounds of {\em time-space tradeoffs} in language recognition on {\em two-way finite automata} for some special languages. We prove: (1) a time-space tradeoff upper bound for recognition of the languages $L_{EQ}(n)$ on {\em…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-22 Shenggen Zheng , Daowen Qiu , Jozef Gruska