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Hyperbolic space can naturally embed hierarchies that often exist in real-world data and semantics. While high-dimensional hyperbolic embeddings lead to better representations, most hyperbolic models utilize low-dimensional embeddings, due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Yunhui Guo , Haoran Guo , Stella Yu

t-SNE and hierarchical clustering are popular methods of exploratory data analysis, particularly in biology. Building on recent advances in speeding up t-SNE and obtaining finer-grained structure, we combine the two to create tree-SNE, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-14 Isaac Robinson , Emma Pierce-Hoffman

t-SNE has gained popularity as a dimension reduction technique, especially for visualizing data. It is well-known that all dimension reduction techniques may lose important features of the data. We provide a mathematical framework for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Rupert Li , Elchanan Mossel

Stochastic neighbor embedding (SNE) methods $t$-SNE, UMAP are two most popular dimensionality reduction methods for data visualization. Contrastive learning, especially self-supervised contrastive learning (SSCL), has showed great success…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Yi Zhang

Imbalanced classification is a well-known challenge faced by many real-world applications. This issue occurs when the distribution of the target variable is skewed, leading to a prediction bias toward the majority class. With the arrival of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Carla Vairetti , José Luis Assadi , Sebastián Maldonado

Class imbalance in a dataset is one of the major challenges that can significantly impact the performance of machine learning models resulting in biased predictions. Numerous techniques have been proposed to address class imbalanced…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Md Manjurul Ahsan , Md Shahin Ali , Zahed Siddique

Differences in data size per class, also known as imbalanced data distribution, have become a common problem affecting data quality. Big Data scenarios pose a new challenge to traditional imbalanced classification algorithms, since they are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-06 Diego García-Gil , Salvador García , Ning Xiong , Francisco Herrera

Data are not only ubiquitous in society, but are increasingly complex both in size and dimensionality. Dimension reduction offers researchers and scholars the ability to make such complex, high dimensional data spaces simpler and more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Philip D. Waggoner

Due to the sequential sample arrival, changing experiment conditions, and evolution of knowledge, the demand to continually visualize evolving structures of sequential and diverse single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data becomes…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2024-06-24 Hui Ma , Kai Chen

Large photometric surveys provide a rich source of observations of quiescent galaxies, including a surprisingly large population at z>1. However, identifying large, but clean, samples of quiescent galaxies has proven difficult because of…

The clustering and visualisation of high-dimensional data is a ubiquitous task in modern data science. Popular techniques include nonlinear dimensionality reduction methods like t-SNE or UMAP. These methods face the `scale-problem' of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-20 Jack Kendrick

Hypergraphs are increasingly utilized in both unimodal and multimodal data scenarios due to their superior ability to model and extract higher-order relationships among nodes, compared to traditional graphs. However, current hypergraph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Ziming Zhao , Tiehua Zhang , Zijian Yi , Zhishu Shen

Class imbalance refers to the significant difference in the number of samples from different classes within a dataset, making it challenging to identify minority class samples correctly. This issue is prevalent in real-world classification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Yi-Yang Shangguan , Shi-Shun Chen , Xiao-Yang Li

Imbalanced datasets, where one class significantly outnumbers others, remain a persistent challenge in machine learning, often biasing predictions toward the majority class and degrading classifier performance. This paper provides a…

Real world datasets are heavily skewed where some classes are significantly outnumbered by the other classes. In these situations, machine learning algorithms fail to achieve substantial efficacy while predicting these under-represented…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Mimi Mukherjee , Matloob Khushi

An approach to the construction of classifiers from imbalanced datasets is described. A dataset is imbalanced if the classification categories are not approximately equally represented. Often real-world data sets are predominately composed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-11-25 N. V. Chawla , K. W. Bowyer , L. O. Hall , W. P. Kegelmeyer

A first line of attack in exploratory data analysis is data visualization, i.e., generating a 2-dimensional representation of data that makes clusters of similar points visually identifiable. Standard Johnson-Lindenstrauss dimensionality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-08 Sanjeev Arora , Wei Hu , Pravesh K. Kothari

We use graphical methods to probe neural nets that classify images. Plots of t-SNE outputs at successive layers in a network reveal increasingly organized arrangement of the data points. They can also reveal how a network can diminish or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Christopher R. Hoyt , Art B. Owen

Dimensionality reduction is crucial both for visualization and preprocessing high dimensional data for machine learning. We introduce a novel method based on a hierarchy built on 1-nearest neighbor graphs in the original space which is used…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-31 M. Saquib Sarfraz , Marios Koulakis , Constantin Seibold , Rainer Stiefelhagen

Imbalanced learning is a fundamental challenge in data mining, where there is a disproportionate ratio of training samples in each class. Over-sampling is an effective technique to tackle imbalanced learning through generating synthetic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-29 Daochen Zha , Kwei-Herng Lai , Qiaoyu Tan , Sirui Ding , Na Zou , Xia Hu
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