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Future warfare will require Command and Control (C2) decision-making to occur in more complex, fast-paced, ill-structured, and demanding conditions. C2 will be further complicated by operational challenges such as Denied, Degraded,…
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into weapon systems is one of the most consequential tactical and strategic decisions in the history of warfare. Current AI development is a remarkable combination of accelerating capability,…
Future warfare will occur in more complex, fast-paced, ill-structured, and demanding conditions that will stress current Command and Control (C2) systems. Without modernization, these C2 systems may fail to maintain overmatch against…
Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have become increasingly vital in the development of novel defense and intelligence capabilities across all domains of warfare. An adversarial AI (A2I) and adversarial ML (AML) attack…
The increasing reliance on AI-driven 5G/6G network infrastructures for mission-critical services highlights the need for reliability and resilience against sophisticated cyber-physical threats. These networks are highly exposed to novel…
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the opportunity to revolutionize the way the United States Department of Defense (DoD) and Intelligence Community (IC) address the challenges of evolving threats, data deluge, and rapid courses of action.…
Cybercriminals are rapidly developing new malicious tools that leverage artificial intelligence (AI) to enable new classes of adaptive and stealthy attacks. New defensive methods need to be developed to counter these threats. Some…
As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes deeply embedded in critical services and everyday products, it is increasingly exposed to security threats which traditional cyber defenses were not designed to handle. In this paper, we investigate…
Agentic AI systems - capable of goal interpretation, world modeling, planning, tool use, long-horizon operation, and autonomous coordination - introduce distinct control failures not addressed by existing safety frameworks. We identify six…
To benefit from AI advances, users and operators of AI systems must have reason to trust it. Trust arises from multiple interactions, where predictable and desirable behavior is reinforced over time. Providing the system's users with some…
The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies presents profound challenges to societal safety. As AI systems become more capable, accessible, and integrated into critical services, the dual nature of their potential is…
Firms are deploying more capable AI systems, but organizational controls often have not kept pace. These systems can generate greater productivity gains, but high-value uses require broader authority exposure -- data access, workflow…
Critical infrastructure systems, including energy grids, healthcare facilities, transportation networks, and water distribution systems, are pivotal to societal stability and economic resilience. However, the increasing interconnectivity of…
In the coming years, the future of military combat will include, on one hand, artificial intelligence-optimized complex command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (C4ISR) and networks and, on…
Artificial intelligence (AI) is poised to revolutionize military combat systems, but ensuring these AI-enabled capabilities are truly mission-ready presents new challenges. We argue that current technology readiness assessments fail to…
Future warfare will require Command and Control (C2) personnel to make decisions at shrinking timescales in complex and potentially ill-defined situations. Given the need for robust decision-making processes and decision-support tools,…
Artificial Intelligence (AI) achieved super-human performance in a broad variety of domains. We say that an AI is made Artificially Stupid on a task when some limitations are deliberately introduced to match a human's ability to do the…
This paper introduces A2C, a multi-stage collaborative decision framework designed to enable robust decision-making within human-AI teams. Drawing inspiration from concepts such as rejection learning and learning to defer, A2C incorporates…
Antifragile systems grow measurably better in the presence of hazards. This is in contrast to fragile systems which break down in the presence of hazards, robust systems that tolerate hazards up to a certain degree, and resilient systems…
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is envisioned to play a pivotal role in empowering intelligent, adaptive and autonomous security management in 5G and beyond networks, thanks to its potential to uncover hidden patterns from a large set of…