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Independence and conditional independence are fundamental concepts for reasoning about groups of random variables in probabilistic programs. Verification methods for independence are still nascent, and existing methods cannot handle…
In this paper we prove Chaitin's ``heuristic principle'', {\it the theorems of a finitely-specified theory cannot be significantly more complex than the theory itself}, for an appropriate measure of complexity. We show that the measure is…
We give a new proof of the Brawley-Carlitz theorem on irreducibility of the composed products of irreducible polynomials. Our proof shows that associativity of the binary operation for the composed product is not necessary. We then…
In this paper we calibrate the strength of the soundness of a Kripke-Platek set theory with the axioms of Infinity and \Pi_{1}-Collection with the assumption that`there exists an uncountable regular ordinal' in terms of the existence of…
Recently, Han discovered two formulas involving binary trees which have the interestig property that hooklengths appear as exponents. The purpose of this note is to give a probabilistic proof of one of Han's formulas. Yang has generalized…
Prediction algorithms assign numbers to individuals that are popularly understood as individual "probabilities" -- what is the probability of 5-year survival after cancer diagnosis? -- and which increasingly form the basis for life-altering…
Tarski initiated a logic-based approach to formal geometry that studies first-order structures with a ternary betweenness relation (\beta) and a quaternary equidistance relation (\equiv). Tarski established, inter alia, that the first-order…
In this Phd. thesis, a structural analysis of construction schemes is developed. The importance of this study will be justified by constructing several distinct combinatorial objects which have been of great interest in mathematics. We then…
This paper is a prelude and elaboration on Proofs that Modify Proofs. Here we present an ordinal analysis of a fragment of the $\mu$-calculus around the strength of parameter-free $\Pi^1_2$-comprehension using the same approach as that…
Rice's theorem shows that nontrivial extensional properties of partial recursive functions are undecidable. For finite weighted Boolean optimization/CSP-style slices, a Rice-style structural analogue holds for tractability classification:…
Reasoning with defeasible and conflicting knowledge in an argumentative form is a key research field in computational argumentation. Reasoning under various forms of uncertainty is both a key feature and a challenging barrier for automated…
Machine learning researchers and practitioners steadily enlarge the multitude of successful learning models. They achieve this through in-depth theoretical analyses and experiential heuristics. However, there is no known general-purpose…
We look for partition theorems for large subtrees for suitable uncountable trees and colourings. We concentrate on sub-trees of $^{\kappa \ge} 2$ expanded by a well ordering of each level. Unlike earlier works, we do not ask the embedding…
We consider Proof Complexity in light of the unusual binary encoding of certain combinatorial principles. We contrast this Proof Complexity with the normal unary encoding in several refutation systems, based on Resolution and Integer Linear…
Decision trees are ubiquitous in machine learning for their ease of use and interpretability. Yet, these models are not typically employed in reinforcement learning as they cannot be updated online via stochastic gradient descent. We…
We deal with the monadic (second-order) theory of order. We prove all known results in a unified way, show a general way of reduction, prove more results and show the limitation on extending them. We prove (CH) that the monadic theory of…
We introduce some new symmetric tensor categories based on the combinatorics of trees: a discrete family $\mathcal{D}(n)$, for $n \ge 3$ an integer, and a continuous family $\mathcal{C}(t)$, for $t \ne 1$ a complex number. The construction…
Full binary trees naturally represent commutative non-associative products. There are many important examples of these products: finite-precision floating-point addition and NAND gates, among others. Balance in such a tree is highly…
These lectures give an introduction to the methods of conformal field theory as applied to deriving certain results in two-dimensional critical percolation: namely the probability that there exists at least one cluster connecting two…
Turing's famous 'machine' framework provides an intuitively clear conception of 'computing with real numbers'. A recursive counterexample to a theorem shows that the theorem does not hold when restricted to computable objects. These…