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We formalize an existing computability-theoretic method of presenting first-order structures whose domains have the cardinality of the continuum. Work using these methods until now has emphasized their topological properties. We shift the…
We show that critical percolation on a product of two regular trees of degree $\ge$ 3 satisfies the triangle condition. The proof does not examine the degrees of vertices and is not "perturbative" in any sense. It relies on an unpublished…
Ordinal Classification (OC) addresses those classification tasks where the labels exhibit a natural order. Unlike nominal classification, which treats all classes as mutually exclusive and unordered, OC takes the ordinal relationship into…
Logic languages based on the theory of rational, possibly infinite, trees have much appeal in that rational trees allow for faster unification (due to the safe omission of the occurs-check) and increased expressivity (cyclic terms can…
The monadic second-order theory of trees allows quantification over elements and over arbitrary subsets. We classify the class of trees with respect to the question: does a tree T have a definable choice function (by a monadic formula with…
The minimal bad sequence argument due to Nash-Williams is a powerful tool in combinatorics with important implications for theoretical computer science. In particular, it yields a very elegant proof of Kruskal's theorem. At the same time,…
Defeasible logic is a rule-based nonmonotonic logic, with both strict and defeasible rules, and a priority relation on rules. We show that inference in the propositional form of the logic can be performed in linear time. This contrasts…
The strength of an extension of Kruskal's Theorem to certain pairs of cohabitation trees is calibrated.
We study rational functions $f$ of degree $d+1$ such that $f$ is univalent in the exterior unit disc, and the image of the unit circle under $f$ has the maximal number of cusps ($d+1$) and double points $(d-2)$. We introduce a bi-angled…
Recent studies in active learning, particularly in uncertainty sampling, have focused on the decomposition of model uncertainty into reducible and irreducible uncertainties. In this paper, the aim is to simplify the computational process…
We consider optimization of nonlinear objective functions that balance $d$ linear criteria over $n$-element independence systems presented by linear-optimization oracles. For $d=1$, we have previously shown that an $r$-best approximate…
Lookup tables (finite maps) are a ubiquitous data structure. In pure functional languages they are best represented using trees instead of hash tables. In pure functional languages within constructive logic, without a primitive integer…
We introduce a proof-theoretic approach to showing nondefinability of second-order intuitionistic connectives by quantifier-free schemata. We apply the method to prove that Taranovsky's "realizability disjunction" connective does not admit…
We motivate and study an infinite sequence of binary operations on the ordinal numbers, extending the standard arithmetic on the ordinals to higher degrees of iteration. Connections to the hyperoperations on the natural numbers are…
In this paper we give an overview of an essential part of a Pi^0_1 ordinal analysis of Peano Arithmetic (PA) as presented by Beklemishev. This analysis is mainly performed within the polymodal provability logic GLP. We reflect on ways of…
We systematically investigate the complexity of model checking the existential positive fragment of first-order logic. In particular, for a set of existential positive sentences, we consider model checking where the sentence is restricted…
In this paper we study termination of term graph rewriting, where we restrict our attention to acyclic term graphs. Motivated by earlier work by Plump we aim at a definition of the notion of simplification order for acyclic term graphs. For…
We propose a new arithmetic for non-empty rooted unordered trees simply called trees. After discussing tree representation and enumeration, we define the operations of tree addition, multiplication and stretch, prove their properties, and…
In the paper, the occurrence of zeros and ones in the binary expansion of the primes is studied. In particular the statement in the title is established. The proof is unconditional.
In this paper, we propose a compositional nonparametric method in which a model is expressed as a labeled binary tree of $2k+1$ nodes, where each node is either a summation, a multiplication, or the application of one of the $q$ basis…