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The physics of quantum gravity is discussed within the framework of topological quantum field theory. Some of the principles are illustrated with examples taken from theories in which space-time is three dimensional.

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-28 John W. Barrett

Gravitation, according to General Relativity, is an attribute of space-time's geometry and hence not a force in the Newtonian sense. This is a consequence of Einstein's equivalence principle, which so far passed all experimental tests with…

Popular Physics · Physics 2013-09-10 Domenico Giulini

We present a way of understanding the curvature of space-time, the basic philosophy being that the (linear) geometry of any space is determined by the (linear) functionals on the algebra(s) of any fields defined on the space. It is known…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-09-15 E. Akofor

Certain difficulties of quantum gravity can be avoided if we embed the spacetime $V_4$ into a higher dimensional space $V_N$; then our spacetime is merely a 4-surface in $V_N$.What remains is conceptually not so difficult: just to quantise…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-03-26 Matej Pavšič

When attempting to assess the strengths and weaknesses of various principles in their potential role of guiding the formulation of a theory of quantum gravity, it is crucial to distinguish between principles which are strongly supported by…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2014-01-03 M. Holman

The implications of restricting the covariance principle within a Gaussian gauge are developed both on a classical and a quantum level. Hence, we investigate the cosmological issues of the obtained Schr\"odinger Quantum Gravity with respect…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-13 F. Cianfrani , G. Montani

On the path towards quantum gravity, we find friction between temporal relations in quantum mechanics (QM) (where they are fixed and field-independent), and in general relativity (where they are field-dependent and dynamic). This paper aims…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-11-28 Henrique Gomes

The quantization of Lorentzian or Euclidean 2+1 gravity by canonical methods is a well-studied problem. However, the constraints of 2+1 gravity are those of a topological field theory and therefore resemble very little those of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-31 Thomas Thiemann

Is "Gravity" a deformation of "Electromagnetism"? Deformation theory suggests quantizing Special Relativity: formulate Quantum Information Dynamics $SL(2,C)_h$-gauge theory of dynamical lattices, with unifying gauge ``group'' the quantum…

General Physics · Physics 2010-05-20 Lucian M Ionescu

Quantum gravity (or quantum spacetime) is to unify general relativity and quantum mechanics into a single theoretical framework and presented as the most important open puzzle in fundamental physics. The development of a microscopic theory…

General Physics · Physics 2025-10-24 Su-Peng Kou

In this paper we consider the observables describing fundamental spatiotemporal properties and relations in the context of Quantum Gravity (QG). As we will show, in both Loop Quantum Gravity and in String Theory, these observables are…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2021-09-22 Enrico Cinti , Cristian Mariani , Marco Sanchioni

Spacetime inversion symmetries such as parity and time reversal play a central role in physics, but they are usually treated as global symmetries. In quantum gravity there are no global symmetries, so any spacetime inversion symmetries must…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-04-25 Daniel Harlow , Tokiro Numasawa

Quantum gravity, as a fundamental theory of space-time, is expected to reveal how the universe may have started, perhaps during or before an inflationary epoch. It may then leave a potentially observable (but probably minuscule) trace in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-12-17 Martin Bojowald

We argue that String Theory and Loop Quantum Gravity can be thought of as describing different regimes of a single unified theory of quantum gravity. LQG can be thought of as providing the pre-geometric exoskeleton out of which macroscopic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-01-09 Deepak Vaid

We extend the formalism of Hamiltonian string bit models of quantum gravity type in two spacetime dimensions to include couplings to particles. We find that the single-particle closed and open universe models respectively behave like empty…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-26 C. -W. H. Lee , R. B. Mann

A review of General Relativity, Teleparallel Gravity, and Symmetric Teleparallel gravity is given in this paper. By comparing these theories some conclusions are obtained. It is argued that the essence of gravity is the translation…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-08-23 Jianbo Lu , Yongxin Guo , Guoying Chee

We study de Sitter JT gravity in the canonical formulation to illustrate constructions of Hilbert spaces in quantum gravity, which is challenging due to the Hamiltonian constraints. The key ideas include representing states as "invariants"…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-17 Jesse Held , Henry Maxfield

A consistent quantum theory of gravity has remained elusive ever since the emergence of General Relativity and Quantum Field Theory. Attempts to date have not yielded a candidate that is either free from problematic theoretical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-03-26 Philip Tee

The Einsteinian Theory of Gravitation ("General Theory of Relativity") is founded essentially; on the reception that the geometrical properties of the 4-dimensional space-time continuum are defined from the matter in it. Contrary to this,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Michael Mattes

Quantum gravity is likely the deepest problem facing current physics. While traditionally associated with short distance nonrenormalizability, it is evident that the long distance problem of unitarity, arising at high energies with black…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-04-01 Steven B. Giddings