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Quality control is of vital importance during electronics production. As the methods of producing electronic circuits improve, there is an increasing chance of solder defects during assembling the printed circuit board (PCB). Many…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-26 Qianru Zhang , Meng Zhang , Chinthaka Gamanayake , Chau Yuen , Zehao Geng , Hirunima Jayasekara , Xuewen Zhang , Chia-wei Woo , Jenny Low , Xiang Liu

In this review, automatic defect inspection algorithms that analyze Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images for Semiconductor Manufacturing (SM) are identified, categorized, and discussed. This is a topic of critical importance for the SM…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-02 Enrique Dehaerne , Bappaditya Dey , Victor Blanco , Jesse Davis

The presence of any type of defect on the glass screen of smart devices has a great impact on their quality. We present a robust semi-supervised learning framework for intelligent micro-scaled localization and classification of defects on a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-05 M Usman Maqbool Bhutta , Shoaib Aslam , Peng Yun , Jianhao Jiao , Ming Liu

Ensuring the safety of surgical instruments requires reliable detection of visual defects. However, manual inspection is prone to error, and existing automated defect detection methods, typically trained on natural/industrial images, fail…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Joseph Huang , Yichi Zhang , Jingxi Yu , Wei Chen , Seunghyun Hwang , Qiang Qiu , Amy R. Reibman , Edward J. Delp , Fengqing Zhu

The motor control board has various defects such as inconsistent color differences, incorrect plug-in positions, solder short circuits, and more. These defects directly affect the performance and stability of the motor control board,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Jingde Huang , Zhangyu Huang , Chenyu Li , Jiantong Liu

Metal manufacturing often results in the production of defective products, leading to operational challenges. Since traditional manual inspection is time-consuming and resource-intensive, automatic solutions are needed. The study utilizes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Toqa Alaa , Mostafa Kotb , Arwa Zakaria , Mariam Diab , Walid Gomaa

In the journey of computer vision system development, the acquisition and utilization of annotated images play a central role, providing information about object identity, spatial extent, and viewpoint in depicted scenes. However, thermal…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-09-09 Mohsen Asghari Ilani , Yaser Mike Banad

The detection and localization of quality-related problems in industrially mass-produced products has historically relied on manual inspection, which is costly and error-prone. Machine learning has the potential to replace manual handling.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Sebastian Hönel , Jonas Nordqvist

With the rapid growth of the PCB manufacturing industry, there is an increasing demand for computer vision inspection to detect defects during production. Improving the accuracy and generalization of PCB defect detection models remains a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Bowen Liu , Dongjie Chen , Xiao Qi

Integrated circuit manufacturing is highly complex, comprising hundreds of process steps. Defects can arise at any stage, causing yield loss and ultimately degrading product reliability. Supervised methods require extensive human annotation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Botong. Zhao , Xubin. Wang , Shujing. Lyu , Yue. Lu

A growing need exists for efficient and accurate methods for detecting defects in semiconductor materials and devices. These defects can have a detrimental impact on the efficiency of the manufacturing process, because they cause critical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Thibault Lechien , Enrique Dehaerne , Bappaditya Dey , Victor Blanco , Sandip Halder , Stefan De Gendt , Wannes Meert

Surface defect detection is a critical task across numerous industries, aimed at efficiently identifying and localising imperfections or irregularities on manufactured components. While numerous methods have been proposed, many fail to meet…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Blaž Rolih , Matic Fučka , Danijel Skočaj

Industrial surface defect inspection for sample-wise quality control (QC) must simultaneously decide whether a given sample contains defects and localize those defects spatially. In real production lines, extreme foreground-background…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Hang-Cheng Dong , Yibo Jiao , Fupeng Wei , Guodong Liu , Dong Ye , Bingguo Liu

Deep learning methods have proven to outperform traditional computer vision methods in various areas of image processing. However, the application of deep learning in industrial surface defect detection systems is challenging due to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-24 Dominik Martin , Simon Heinzel , Johannes Kunze von Bischhoffshausen , Niklas Kühl

Material defects (MD) represent a primary challenge affecting product performance and giving rise to safety issues in related products. The rapid and accurate identification and localization of MD constitute crucial research endeavors in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Jun Bai , Di Wu , Tristan Shelley , Peter Schubel , David Twine , John Russell , Xuesen Zeng , Ji Zhang

Surface defects on Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) directly compromise product reliability and safety. However, achieving high-precision detection is challenging because PCB defects are typically characterized by tiny sizes, high texture…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Meng Han

Industrial defect detection is vital for upholding product quality across contemporary manufacturing systems. As the expectations for precision, automation, and scalability intensify, conventional inspection approaches are increasingly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Yuqi Cheng , Yunkang Cao , Haiming Yao , Wei Luo , Cheng Jiang , Hui Zhang , Weiming Shen

We present an automated vision-based system for defect detection and classification of laser power meter sensor coatings. Our approach addresses the critical challenge of identifying coating defects such as thermal damage and scratches that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Dongqi Zheng , Wenjin Fu , Guangzong Chen

Controlling defects in semiconductor processes is important for maintaining yield, improving production cost, and preventing time-dependent critical component failures. Electron beam-based imaging has been used as a tool to survey wafers in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Chien-Fu , Huang , Katherine Sieg , Leonid Karlinksy , Nash Flores , Rebekah Sheraw , Xin Zhang

High-resolution printed circuit board (PCB) inspection suffers from resolution collapse when full-board images are resized to standard detector inputs: micro-scale defects shrink to a few pixels and are missed. Tile-based inference…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Mohammad Alijanpour Shalmani , Alale Rezvani Boroujeni , Ali Amini , Jiann Shiun Yuan