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Inspired by recent experiments using synthetic microswimmers to manipulate droplets, we investigate the low-Reynolds-number locomotion of a model swimmer (a spherical squirmer) encapsulated inside a droplet of comparable size in another…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2017-03-14 Shang Yik Reigh , Lailai Zhu , François Gallaire , Eric Lauga

A number of swimming microorganisms such as ciliates ($\textit{Opalina}$) and multicellular colonies of flagellates ($\textit{Volvox}$) are approximately spherical in shape and swim using beating arrays of cilia or short flagella covering…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2014-02-06 On Shun Pak , Eric Lauga

Active particles, which interact hydrodynamically, display a remarkable variety of emergent collective phenomena. We use squirmers to model spherical microswimmers and explore the collective behavior of thousands of them under the influence…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2017-10-31 Jan-Timm Kuhr , Johannes Blaschke , Felix Rühle , Holger Stark

We use a three-bead-spring model to investigate the dynamics of bi-flagellate micro-swimmers near a surface. While the primary dynamics and scattering are governed by geometric-dependent direct contact, the fluid flows generated by the…

Biological Physics · Physics 2017-08-17 Enkeleida Lushi , Vasily Kantsler , Raymond E. Goldstein

We study the dynamics and the statistics of dilute suspensions of gyrotactic swimmers, a model for many aquatic motile microorganisms. By means of extensive numerical simulations of the Navier-Stokes equations at different Reynolds numbers,…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-04-13 Matteo Borgnino , Guido Boffetta , Filippo De Lillo , Massimo Cencini

We present a study of the hydrodynamics of an active particle, a model squirmer, in an envi- ronment with a broken rotational symmetry: a nematic liquid crystal. By combining simulations with analytic calculations, we show that the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2017-08-16 Juho S. Lintuvuori , Alois Würger , Kevin Stratford

Hydrodynamic interactions are crucial for determining the cooperative behavior of microswimmers at low Reynolds numbers. Here we provide a comprehensive analysis of the scaling and strength of the interactions in the case of a pair of…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-02-11 Sebastian Ziegler , Thomas Scheel , Maxime Hubert , Jens Harting , Ana-Sunčana Smith

Microorganisms thrive in complex environments and their behavior in fluids holds significant importance for various medical and industrial applications. By conducting Lattice Boltzmann simulations, the transport and rotational properties of…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-03-25 Yuan Zhou , Kai Qi , Marco De Corato , Kevin Stratford , Ignacio Pagonabarraga

Many microorganisms find themselves immersed in fluids displaying non-Newtonian rheological properties such as viscoelasticity and shear-thinning viscosity. The effects of viscoelasticity on swimming at low Reynolds numbers have already…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2015-11-10 Charu Datt , Lailai Zhu , Gwynn J. Elfring , On Shun Pak

Persistent motion of microswimmers near boundaries is known to result in surface accumulation. Recently it was shown experimentally that surface accumulation of microswimmers is impacted primarily by steric forces and short-ranged…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-07-22 Danne M. van Roon , Giorgio Volpe , Margarida M. Telo da Gama , Nuno A. M. Araújo

We propose a hydrodynamic model for a spheroidal microswimmer with two tangential surface velocity modes. This model is analytically solvable and reduces to Lighthill's and Blake's spherical squirmer model in the limit of equal major and…

Biological Physics · Physics 2024-06-03 Mario Theers , Elmar Westphal , Gerhard Gompper , Roland G. Winkler

Interaction of motile microrganisms with a nearby solid substrate is a well studied phenomenon. However, the effects of hydrodynamic slippage on the substrate have received a little attention. In the present study, within the framework of…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-05-05 Antarip Poddar , Aditya Bandopadhyay , Suman Chakraborty

Three-dimensional simulations with fully resolved hydrodynamics are performed to study the dynamics of a single squirmer under gravity, in order to clarify its motion in the vicinity of a flat plate. Different dynamics emerge for different…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2020-05-27 Federico Fadda , John Jairo Molina , Ryoichi Yamamoto

We study the dynamics of a prolate spheroidal microswimmer in Poiseuille flow for different flow geometries. When moving between two parallel plates or in a cylindrical microchannel, the swimmer performs either periodic swinging or periodic…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2013-01-24 Andreas Zöttl , Holger Stark

External gradients can strongly influence the collective behavior of microswimmers. In this paper, we study the behavior of two hydrodynamically interacting self-propelled chiral swimmers, in the low-Reynolds number regime, under the…

Biological Physics · Physics 2023-01-04 Ruma Maity , P. S. Burada

We study, by means of an exact analytical solution, the motion of a spheroidal, axisymmetric squirmer in an unbounded fluid, as well as the low Reynolds number hydrodynamic flow associated to it. In contrast to the case of a spherical…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2020-11-30 Ruben Poehnl , Mihail N. Popescu , William E. Uspal

The hydrodynamic interactions of a suspension of self-propelled particles are studied using a direct numerical simulation method which simultaneously solves for the host fluid and the swimming particles. A modified version of the "Smoothed…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2013-01-15 John J. Molina , Yasuya Nakayama , Ryoichi Yamamoto

We study the coupled hydrodynamics between a motile slender microswimmer and a deformable interface that separates two Newtonian fluid regions. From the disturbance field generated by the swimming motion, we quantitatively characterize the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-12-22 Sankalp Nambiar , John S Wettlaufer

In biological systems, microswimmers often propel themselves through complex media. However, many aspects of swimming mechanisms in non-Newtonian fluids remain unclear. This study considers the propulsion of two types of single spherical…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-10-14 Takuya Kobayashi , Ryoichi Yamamoto

In this paper, we explore the hydrodynamics of spheroidal active particles in viscosity gradients. This work provides a more accurate modeling approach, in comparison to spherical particles, for anisotropic organisms like Paramecium…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-07-09 Jiahao Gong , Vaseem A. Shaik , Gwynn J. Elfring