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The SARS-CoV-2 virus is primarily transmitted through virus-laden fluid particles ejected from the mouth of infected people. Face covers can mitigate the risk of virus transmission but their outward effectiveness is not fully ascertained.…
In this study, the flow field around face masks was visualized and evaluated using computational fluid dynamics. The protective efficiency of face masks suppressing droplet infection owing to differences in the shape, medium, and doubling…
Face covering, commonly known as facemask, is considered to be one of the most effective Personal Protective Equipments (PPEs) to reduce transmissions of pathogens through respiratory droplets - both large drops and liquid aerosol…
We present results on the infection risk from SARS-CoV-2 under different scenarios based on measured particle size-dependent mask penetration, measured total inward leakage, measured human aerosol emission for sizes from 10nm to 1mm, and…
The ongoing respiratory COVID-19 pandemic has heavily impacted the social and private lives of the majority of the global population. This infection is primarily transmitted via virus-laden fluid particles (i.e., droplets and aerosols) that…
In the COVID--19 pandemic, among the more controversial issues is the use of masks and face coverings. Much of the concern boils down to the question -- just how effective are face coverings? One means to address this question is to review…
By now it is well-understood that the usage of facemasks provides protection from transmission of viral loads through exhalation and inhalation of respiratory droplets. Therefore, during the current Covid-19 pandemic the usage of face masks…
Several places across the world are experiencing a steep surge in COVID-19 infections. Face masks have become increasingly accepted as one of the most effective means for combating the spread of the disease, when used in combination with…
In the COVID-19 pandemic, billions are wearing face masks, in both health care settings and in public. Which type of mask we should wear in what situation, is therefore important. There are three basic types: cotton, surgical, and…
The Covid-19 pandemic has focused attention on airborne transmission of viruses. Using realistic air flow simulation, we model droplet dispersion from coughing and study the transmission risk related to SARS-CoV-2. Although most airborne…
Traditional face masks used extensively, for example, during the COVID-19 pandemic, are relatively impermeable, forcing aerosol-containing breath to flow into the surrounding atmosphere by ``leaking" out from the lateral edges of the mask.…
The efficacy of face masks, neck gaiters and face shields are predicted and contrasted. In particular, a Lattice Spring Model of a neck gaiter serves as the input to a Lattice Boltzmann simulation. The Lattice Boltzmann method is used to…
Face masks have been widely used as a protective measure against COVID-19. However, pre-pandemic empirical studies have produced mixed statistical results on the effectiveness of masks against respiratory viruses. The implications of the…
Layered systems of commonly available fabric materials can be used by the public and healthcare providers in face masks to reduce the risk of inhaling viruses with protection about equivalent or better than the filtration and adsorption…
Face masks provide effective, easy-to-use, and low-cost protection against airborne pathogens or infectious agents, including SARS-CoV-2. There is a wide variety of face masks available on the market for various applications, but they are…
Every year, about 4 million people die from upper respiratory infections. Mask-wearing is crucial in preventing the spread of pathogen-containing droplets, which is the primary cause of these illnesses. However, most techniques for mask…
Wearing masks is crucial to preventing the spread of potentially pathogen-containing droplets, especially amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. However, not all face coverings are equally effective and most experiments evaluating mask efficacy are…
The use of face masks for the general public has been suggested in literature as a means to decrease virus transmission during the global COVID-19 pandemic. However, literature findings indicate that most mask designs do not provide…
Face masks are used to intercept respiratory droplets to prevent spreading of air-borne diseases. Designing face masks with better efficiency needs microscopic understanding on how respiratory droplets move through a mask. Here we study a…
Knowing the physicochemical properties of exhaled droplets and aerosol particles is a prerequisite for a detailed mechanistic understanding and effective prevention of the airborne transmission of infectious human diseases. This article…