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We study constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) where the constraint languages are defined by finite automata, giving rise to automata-based CSPs. The key notion is the concept of Automatic Constraint Satisfaction Problem ($AutCSP$), where…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Andrei Bulatov , Xiaoyang Gong , Bakh Khoussainov , Xinyao Wang

We introduce the notion of adaptive synchronisation for pushdown automata, in which there is an external observer who has no knowledge about the current state of the pushdown automaton, but can observe the contents of the stack. The…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-16 A. R. Balasubramanian , K. S. Thejaswini

Nondeterministic automata may be viewed as succinct programs implementing deterministic automata, i.e. complete specifications. Converting a given deterministic automaton into a small nondeterministic one is known to be computationally very…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-12 Robert Samuel Ralph Myers , Henning Urbat

We consider the first problem that appears in any application of synchronizing automata, namely, the problem of deciding whether or not a given $n$-state $k$-letter automaton is synchronizing. First we generalize results from…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-03-20 Mikhail V. Berlinkov

We study the computational complexity of various problems related to synchronization of weakly acyclic automata, a subclass of widely studied aperiodic automata. We provide upper and lower bounds on the length of a shortest word…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-12-08 Andrew Ryzhikov

We study the problem of synchronization of automata with random inputs. We present a series of automata such that the expected number of steps until synchronization is exponential in the number of states. At the same time, we show that the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-04-29 Vladimir V. Gusev

We investigate the state complexity of the permutation operation, or the commutative closure, on Alphabetical Pattern Constraints (APC). This class corresponds to level $3/2$ of the Straubing-Th{\'e}rien Hierarchy and includes the finite,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Stefan Hoffmann

A synchronizing word of a deterministic finite complete automaton is a word whose action maps every state to a single one. Finding a shortest or a short synchronizing word is a central computational problem in the theory of synchronizing…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Marek Szykuła , Adam Zyzik

We study the verification of distributed systems where processes are finite automata with access to a shared pool of locks. We consider objectives that are boolean combinations of local regular constraints. We show that the problem,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Corto Mascle

Minimizing the size of finite automata is a fundamental problem in theoretical computer science. Beyond standard minimization, further reductions can be achieved by decomposing an automaton into smaller components whose languages combine…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Mathias Berry , Pierre-Cyrille Héam , Ismaël Jecker

Partially ordered nondeterminsitic finite automata (poNFAs) are NFAs whose transition relation induces a partial order on states, that is, for which cycles occur only in the form of self-loops on a single state. A poNFA is universal if it…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-15 Markus Krötzsch , Tomáš Masopust , Michaël Thomazo

A deterministic finite (semi)automaton is primitive if its transition monoid (semigroup) acting on the set of states has no non-trivial congruences. It is synchronizing if it contains a constant map (transformation). In analogy to…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Igor Rystsov , Marek Szykuła

An automaton is partially ordered if the only cycles in its transition diagram are self-loops. The expressivity of partially ordered NFAs (poNFAs) can be characterized by the Straubing-Th\'erien hierarchy. Level 3/2 is recognized by poNFAs,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-04-27 Tomáš Masopust , Markus Krötzsch

We construct an automaton group with a PSPACE-complete word problem, proving a conjecture due to Steinberg. Additionally, the constructed group has a provably more difficult, namely EXPSPACE-complete, compressed word problem and acts over a…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Jan Philipp Wächter , Armin Weiß

We investigate the complexity of the separation problem associated to classes of regular languages. For a class C, C-separation takes two regular languages as input and asks whether there exists a third language in C which includes the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-10-23 Thomas Place , Marc Zeitoun

We investigate the intersection problem for finite monoids, which asks for a given set of regular languages, represented by recognizing morphisms to finite monoids from a variety V, whether there exists a word contained in their…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-02-05 Lukas Fleischer , Manfred Kufleitner

We have improved an algorithm generating synchronizing automata with a large length of the shortest reset words. This has been done by refining some known results concerning bounds on the reset length. Our improvements make possible to…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-07-15 Andrzej Kisielewicz , Jakub Kowalski , Marek Szykuła

The class of local languages is a well-known subclass of the regular languages that admits many equivalent characterizations. In this short note we establish the PSPACE-completeness of the problem of determining, given as input a…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Antoine Amarilli , Mikaël Monet , Rémi De Pretto

We present a few classes of synchronizing automata exhibiting certain extremal properties with regard to synchronization. The first is a series of automata with subsets whose shortest extending words are of length $\varTheta(n^2)$, where…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-08-04 Andrzej Kisielewicz , Marek Szykuła

In [1], we introduced the weakly synchronizing languages for probabilistic automata. In this report, we show that the emptiness problem of weakly synchronizing languages for probabilistic automata is undecidable. This implies that the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2012-06-06 Laurent Doyen , Thierry Massart , Mahsa Shirmohammadi