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Typically, quantum mechanics is thought of as a linear theory with unitary evolution governed by the Schr\"odinger equation. While this is technically true and useful for a physicist, with regards to computation it is an unfortunately…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-20 Dax Enshan Koh , Murphy Yuezhen Niu , Theodore J. Yoder

Qubits are a great way to build a quantum computer, but a limited way to program one. We replace the usual "states and gates" formalism with a "props and ops" (propositions and operators) model in which (a) the C*-algebra of observables…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-08 David Wakeham

Lie algebroids provide a natural medium to discuss classical systems, however, quantum systems have not been considered. In aim of this paper is to attempt to rectify this situation. Lie algebroids are reviewed and their use in classical…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2022-03-23 Ronald J. Ezuck

Interest in combinatorial interpretations of mathematical entities stems from the convenience of the concrete models they provide. Finding a bijective proof of a seemingly obscure identity can reveal unsuspected significance to it. Finding…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Jeffrey Morton

As quantum computers become real, it is high time we come up with effective techniques that help programmers write correct quantum programs. Inspired by Hoare Type Theory in classical computing, we propose Quantum Hoare Type Theory (QHTT),…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Kartik Singhal

We propose a type-theoretic framework for describing and proving properties of quantum computations, in particular those presented as quantum circuits. Our proposal is based on an observation that, in the polymorphic type system of Coq,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jacques Garrigue , Takafumi Saikawa

In its most general formulation a quantum kinematical system is described by a Heisenberg group; the "configuration space" in this case corresponds to a maximal isotropic subgroup. We study irreducible models for Heisenberg groups based on…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2007-05-23 T. Digernes , V. S. Varadarajan

We obtain sufficient conditions for the efficient simulation of a continuous variable quantum algorithm or process on a classical computer. The resulting theorem is an extension of the Gottesman-Knill theorem to continuous variable quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Stephen D. Bartlett , Barry C. Sanders , Samuel L. Braunstein , Kae Nemoto

$\textit{Normalizer circuits}$ [1,2] are generalized Clifford circuits that act on arbitrary finite-dimensional systems $\mathcal{H}_{d_1}\otimes ... \otimes \mathcal{H}_{d_n}$ with a standard basis labeled by the elements of a finite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-13 Juan Bermejo-Vega , Cedric Yen-Yu Lin , Maarten Van den Nest

Neural networks are a promising tool for simulating quantum many body systems. Recently, it has been shown that neural network-based models describe quantum many body systems more accurately when they are constrained to have the correct…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-01 Christopher Roth , Allan H. MacDonald

We present the generalization of the CNC formalism, based on closed and noncontextual sets of Pauli observables, to the setting of odd-prime-dimensional qudits. By introducing new CNC-type phase space point operators, we construct a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-16 Michael Zurel , Arne Heimendahl

We analyze some aspects of quantum computing with super-qubits (squbits). We propose the analogue of a superfield formalism, and give a physical interpretation for the Grassmann coefficients in the squbit expansion as fermionic creation…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-01-22 Leonardo Castellani , Pietro Antonio Grassi , Luca Sommovigo

The classical simulation of quantum dynamics plays an important role in our understanding of quantum complexity, and in the development of quantum technologies. Efficient techniques such as those based on the Gottesman-Knill theorem for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Matthew L. Goh , Martin Larocca , Lukasz Cincio , M. Cerezo , Frédéric Sauvage

We prove a `Whitney' presentation, and a `Coulomb branch' presentation, for the torus equivariant quantum K theory of the Grassmann manifold $\mathrm{Gr}(k;n)$, inspired from physics, and stated in an earlier paper. The first presentation…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-09-05 Wei Gu , Leonardo C. Mihalcea , Eric Sharpe , Hao Zou

By the Gottesman-Knill Theorem, the outcome probabilities of Clifford circuits can be computed efficiently. We present an alternative proof of this result for quopit Clifford circuits (i.e., Clifford circuits on collections of $p$-level…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-13 Dax Enshan Koh , Mark D. Penney , Robert W. Spekkens

The Gottesman-Knill theorem holds that operations from the Clifford group, when combined with preparation and detection of qubit states in the computational basis, are insufficient for universal quantum computation. Indeed, any measurement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-13 David J. Clarke , Jay D. Sau , Sankar Das Sarma

The quantum circuit model is the most widely used model of quantum computation. It provides both a framework for formulating quantum algorithms and an architecture for the physical construction of quantum computers. However, several other…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-09-16 Stephen P. Jordan

We study the classical simulatability of Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) states in combination with arbitrary displacements, a large set of symplectic operations and homodyne measurements. For these types of circuits, neither…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-07 Cameron Calcluth , Alessandro Ferraro , Giulia Ferrini

The basic idea of quantum computing is surprisingly similar to that of kernel methods in machine learning, namely to efficiently perform computations in an intractably large Hilbert space. In this paper we explore some theoretical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-06 Maria Schuld , Nathan Killoran

We introduce a new family of quantum circuits for which the scrambling of a subspace of non-local operators is classically simulable. We call these circuits `super-Clifford circuits', since the Heisenberg time evolution of these operators…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-22 Mike Blake , Noah Linden