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For two graphs $T$ and $H$ with no isolated vertices and for an integer $n$, let $ex(n,T,H)$ denote the maximum possible number of copies of $T$ in an $H$-free graph on $n$ vertices. The study of this function when $T=K_2$ is a single edge…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-07-16 Noga Alon , Clara Shikhelman

A non-uniform hypergraph $H=(V,E)$ consists of a vertex set $V$ and an edge set $E\subseteq 2^V$; the edges in $E$ are not required to all have the same cardinality. The set of all cardinalities of edges in $H$ is denoted by $R(H)$, the set…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-01-10 Travis Johnston , Linyuan Lu

In this note, we fix a graph $H$ and ask into how many vertices can each vertex of a clique of size $n$ can be "split" such that the resulting graph is $H$-free. Formally: A graph is an $(n,k)$-graph if its vertex sets is a pairwise…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-05 Maria Axenovich , Ryan R. Martin

Zykov showed in 1949 that among graphs on $n$ vertices with clique number $\omega(G) \le \omega$, the Tur\'an graph $T_{\omega}(n)$ maximizes not only the number of edges but also the number of copies of $K_t$ for each size $t$. The problem…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-04-08 R. Kirsch , A. J. Radcliffe

An edge-colored graph $F$ is {\it rainbow} if each edge of $F$ has a unique color. The {\it rainbow Tur\'an number} $\mathrm{ex}^*(n,F)$ of a graph $F$ is the maximum possible number of edges in a properly edge-colored $n$-vertex graph with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-09-02 Anastasia Halfpap , Cory Palmer

The generalized Tur\'{a}n number $ex(n,K_s,H)$ is the maximum number of complete graph $K_s$ in an $H$-free graph on $n$ vertices. Let $F_k$ be the friendship graph consisting of $k$ triangles. Erd\H{o}s and S\'os (1976) determined the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-08-19 Xiutao Zhu , Yaojun Chen , Dániel Gerbner , Ervin Győri , Hilal Hama Karim

The planar Tur\'an number of a graph $H$, denoted $ex_{_\mathcal{P}}(n,H)$, is the maximum number of edges in a planar graph on $n$ vertices without containing $H$ as a subgraph. This notion was introduced by Dowden in 2016 and has…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-02-25 Yongxin Lan , Yongtang Shi , Zi-Xia Song

We determine the maximum possible number of edges of a graph with $n$ vertices, matching number at most $s$ and clique number at most $k$ for all admissible values of the parameters.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-10-28 Noga Alon , Peter Frankl

A {\it vertex-ordered} graph is a graph equipped with a linear ordering of its vertices. A pair of independent edges in an ordered graph can exhibit one of the following three patterns: separated, nested or crossing. We say a pair of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-23 János Barát , Andrea Freschi , Géza Tóth

The Tur\'an number of a graph $H$, denoted by $ex(n,H)$, is the maximum number of edges in any graph on $n$ vertices containing no $H$ as a subgraph. A linear (star) forest is a forest consisting of paths (stars). A path-star forest $F$ is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-12-11 Xiaona Fang , Yaojun Chen , Lihua You

Fix a hypergraph $\mathcal{F}$. A hypergraph $\mathcal{H}$ is called a {\it Berge copy of $\mathcal{F}$} or {\it Berge-$\mathcal{F}$} if we can choose a subset of each hyperedge of $\mathcal{H}$ to obtain a copy of $\mathcal{F}$. A…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-08-02 Martin Balko , Daniel Gerbner , Dong Yeap Kang , Younjin Kim , Cory Palmer

Given integers $r > t \ge 1$ and a real number $p > 0$, the $(t,p)$-norm $\left\lVert \mathcal{H} \right\rVert_{t,p}$ of an $r$-graph $\mathcal{H}$ is the sum of the $p$-th power of the degrees $d_{\mathcal{H}}(T)$ over all $t$-subsets $T…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-25 Wanfang Chen , Daniel Iľkovič , Jared León , Xizhi Liu , Oleg Pikhurko

Given a graph $F$, an $r$-uniform hypergraph $\mathcal{H}$ is a {\em Berge-$F$} if there is a bijection $\phi:E(F)\to E(\mathcal{H})$ such that $e\subseteq \phi(e)$ for each $e\in E(F)$. Given a family $\mathcal{F}$ of $r$-uniform…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-27 Yichen Wang , Zixuan Yang , Xiamiao Zhao , Yuhang Bai , Junpeng Zhou

The \emph{Tur\'an function} $\ex(n,F)$ of a graph $F$ is the maximum number of edges in an $F$-free graph with $n$ vertices. The classical results of Tur\'an and Rademacher from 1941 led to the study of supersaturated graphs where the key…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-11-08 Oleg Pikhurko , Zelealem B. Yilma

We start a systematic investigation concerning bipartite Tur\'an number for trees. For a graph $F$ and integers $1 \leq a \leq b$ we define: $(i)$\quad $ex_b(a, b, F)$ is the largest number of edges that an $F$-free bipartite graph can have…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-14 Yair Caro , Balázs Patkós , Zsolt Tuza

Reiher, R\"odl, Sales, and Schacht initiated the study of relative Tur\'an densities of ordered graphs and showed that it is more subtle and interesting than the unordered case. For an ordered graph $F$, its relative Tur\'an density,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-27 Freddie Illingworth , Arjun Ranganathan , Leo Versteegen , Ella Williams

Let $P_4$ denote the path graph on $4$ vertices. The suspension of $P_4$, denoted by $\widehat P_4$, is the graph obtained via adding an extra vertex and joining it to all four vertices of $P_4$. In this note, we demonstrate that for $n\ge…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-01-12 Sayan Mukherjee

The planar Tur\'a number of a graph $F$ is the maximum number of edges an $n$-vertex $F$-free planar graph can have. We study the case where $F$ is forbidden as an induced subgraph, thereby introducing the induced planar Tur\'a numbers. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-29 Ervin Győri , Hilal Hama Karim

Since its formulation, Tur\'an's hypergraph problems have been among the most challenging open problems in extremal combinatorics. One of them is the following: given a $3$-uniform hypergraph $\mathcal{F}$ on $n$ vertices in which any five…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-04-24 Peter Frankl , Hao Huang , Vojtěch Rödl

The extremal number of a graph $H$, denoted by $\mbox{ex}(n,H)$, is the maximum number of edges in a graph on $n$ vertices that does not contain $H$. The celebrated K\H{o}v\'ari-S\'os-Tur\'an theorem says that for a complete bipartite graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-10-25 Benny Sudakov , István Tomon