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Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) surfaces are a family of random fractal surfaces which can be thought of as the canonical models of random two-dimensional Riemannian manifolds, in the same sense that Brownian motion is the canonical model…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-03-02 Ewain Gwynne

Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) is, heuristically, a theory of random Riemannian geometry with Riemannian metric tensor $e^{\gamma h} (\mathrm{d} x^2 + \mathrm{d} y^2)$, where $h$ is a variant of the Gaussian free field and $\gamma > 0$ is…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-06 Charles Devlin VI

Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) and the Brownian map (TBM) are two distinct models of measure-endowed random surfaces. LQG is defined in terms of a real parameter $\gamma$, and it has long been believed that when $\gamma = \sqrt{8/3}$, the…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-07-30 Jason Miller , Scott Sheffield

There is a substantial literature concerning Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) in two dimensions with conformal matter field of central charge ${\mathbf{c}}_{\mathrm M}\in(-\infty,1]$. Via the DDK ansatz, LQG can equivalently be described as…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-02-19 Ewain Gwynne , Nina Holden , Joshua Pfeffer , Guillaume Remy

The metric associated with the Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) surface has been constructed through a series of recent works and several properties of its associated geodesics have been studied. In the current article we confirm the…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-05-12 Zherui Fan , Subhajit Goswami

Over the past few decades, two natural random surface models have emerged within physics and mathematics. The first is Liouville quantum gravity, which has its roots in string theory and conformal field theory from the 1980s and 1990s. The…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-12-06 Jason Miller

Originating in theoretical physics, Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) has been an important topic in probability theory and mathematical physics in the past two decades. In this proceeding, we review two aspects of this topic. The first is…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-10-21 Nina Holden , Xin Sun

A Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) surface is a natural random two-dimensional surface, initially formulated as a random measure space and later as a random metric space. We show that the LQG measure can be recovered as the Minkowski measure…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-10-13 Ewain Gwynne , Jinwoo Sung

Physics considerations suggest that a theory of Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) should exist for all values of matter central charge $\mathbf{c} \in (-\infty,25)$. Probabilists have rigorously defined LQG as a random metric measure space…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-07-03 Joshua Pfeffer

For $\gamma \in (0,2)$, we define a weak $\gamma$-Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) metric to be a function $h\mapsto D_h$ which takes in an instance of the planar Gaussian free field (GFF) and outputs a metric on the plane satisfying a…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-06-03 Julien Dubédat , Hugo Falconet , Ewain Gwynne , Joshua Pfeffer , Xin Sun

Recent work has shown that for $\gamma \in (0,2)$, a Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) surface can be endowed with a canonical metric. We prove several results concerning geodesics for this metric. In particular, we completely classify the…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-11-03 Ewain Gwynne

We prove that the geodesics associated with any metric generated from Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) which satisfies certain natural hypotheses are necessarily singular with respect to the law of any type of SLE$_\kappa$. These hypotheses…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-10-17 Jason Miller , Wei Qian

We give a concise presentation of the construction of the Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, i.e., the spectrum associated to the infinitesimal generator of Liouville Brownian motion, the canonical diffusion in…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-12-03 Nathanaël Berestycki

We show that for each $\gamma \in (0,2)$, there is a unique metric (i.e., distance function) associated with $\gamma$-Liouville quantum gravity (LQG). More precisely, we show that for the whole-plane Gaussian free field (GFF) $h$, there is…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-07-23 Ewain Gwynne , Jason Miller

We prove that for any metric which one can associate with a Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) surface for $\gamma \in (0,2)$ satisfying certain natural axioms, its geodesics exhibit the following confluence property. For any fixed point $z$,…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-02-04 Ewain Gwynne , Jason Miller

We consider the $\gamma$-Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) model for $\gamma \in (0,2)$, formally described by $e^{\gamma h}$ where $h$ is a Gaussian free field on a planar domain $D$. Sheffield showed that when a certain type of LQG surface,…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-02-02 Liam Hughes , Jason Miller

In order to study the quantum geometry of random surfaces in Liouville gravity, we propose a definition of geodesic distance associated to a Gaussian free field on a regular lattice. This geodesic distance is used to numerically determine…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-11-13 Jan Ambjorn , Timothy Budd

We show that for each ${\mathbf c}_{\mathrm M} \in [1,25)$, there is a unique metric associated with Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) with matter central charge ${\mathbf c}_{\mathrm M}$. An earlier series of works by…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-01-31 Jian Ding , Ewain Gwynne

We propose a new method to define theories of random geometries, using an explicit and simple map between metrics and large hermitian matrices. We outline some of the many possible applications of the formalism. For example, a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-12-09 Frank Ferrari , Semyon Klevtsov , Steve Zelditch

2D Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) is used as a toy model for 4D quantum gravity and is the theory of world-sheet in string theory. Recently there has been growing interest in studying LQG in the realm of probability theory: David,…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-09-12 Juhan Aru , Yichao Huang , Xin Sun
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