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We study Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) surfaces whose law has been reweighted according to nesting statistics for a conformal loop ensemble (CLE) relative to $n\in \mathbb{N}_0$ marked points $z_1,\dots,z_n$. The idea is to consider a…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-08-30 Nina Holden , Matthis Lehmkuehler

In this paper, we establish the Knizhnik--Polyakov--Zamolodchikov (KPZ) formula of Liouville quantum gravity, using the heat kernel of Liouville Brownian motion. This derivation of the KPZ formula was first suggested by F. David and M.…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-05-17 Nathanaël Berestycki , Christophe Garban , Rémi Rhodes , Vincent Vargas

Liouville Quantum Field Theory can be seen as a probabilistic theory of 2d Riemannian metrics $e^{\phi(z)}dz^2$, conjecturally describing scaling limits of discrete $2d$-random surfaces. The law of the random field $\phi$ in LQFT depends on…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-06-08 François David , Antti Kupiainen , Rémi Rhodes , Vincent Vargas

The theory of the 2-dimensional Liouville Quantum Gravity, first introduced by Polyakov in his 1981 work has become a key notion in the study of random surfaces. In a series of articles, David, Huang, Kupiainen, Rhodes and Vargas, on the…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-11-25 Baptiste Cerclé

We study the volume of metric balls in Liouville quantum gravity (LQG). For $\gamma \in (0,2)$, it has been known since the early work of Kahane (1985) and Molchan (1996) that the LQG volume of Euclidean balls has finite moments exactly for…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-12-01 Morris Ang , Hugo Falconet , Xin Sun

We establish the first connection between $2d$ Liouville quantum gravity and natural dynamics of random matrices. In particular, we show that if $(U_t)$ is a Brownian motion on the unitary group at equilibrium, then the measures $$…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-07-10 Paul Bourgade , Hugo Falconet

In this work we construct Liouville quantum gravity on an annulus in the complex plane. This construction is aimed at providing a rigorous mathematical framework to the work of theoretical physicists initiated by Polyakov in 1981. It is…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-08-29 Guillaume Remy

This article presents an "in-a-nutshell" yet self-contained introductory review on loop quantum gravity (LQG) -- a background-independent, nonperturbative approach to a consistent quantum theory of gravity. Instead of rigorous and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-12-30 Dah-Wei Chiou

Let $\gamma\in (0,2)$, let $h$ be the planar Gaussian free field, and let $D_h$ be the associated $\gamma$-Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) metric. We prove that for any random Borel set $X \subset \mathbb{C}$ which is independent from $h$,…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-01-01 Ewain Gwynne , Joshua Pfeffer

We show that every possible metric associated with critical ($\gamma=2$) Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) induces the same topology on the plane as the Euclidean metric. More precisely, we show that the optimal modulus of continuity of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-08-30 Jian Ding , Ewain Gwynne

There is a simple way to "glue together" a coupled pair of continuum random trees (CRTs) to produce a topological sphere. The sphere comes equipped with a measure and a space-filling curve (which describes the "interface" between the…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-08-20 Bertrand Duplantier , Jason Miller , Scott Sheffield

For $\gamma \in (0,2)$, $U\subset \mathbb C$, and an instance $h$ of the Gaussian free field (GFF) on $U$, the $\gamma$-Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) surface associated with $(U,h)$ is formally described by the Riemannian metric tensor…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-09-14 Ewain Gwynne , Jason Miller

Consider a bounded planar domain D, an instance h of the Gaussian free field on D (with Dirichlet energy normalized by 1/(2\pi)), and a constant 0 < gamma < 2. The Liouville quantum gravity measure on D is the weak limit as epsilon tends to…

Probability · Mathematics 2010-12-03 Bertrand Duplantier , Scott Sheffield

For Brownian surfaces with boundary and an interior marked point, a natural observable to consider is the distance profile, defined as the process of distances from the marked point to a variable point $x$ lying on the boundary. When the…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-10-23 Manan Bhatia

For $\gamma \in (0,2)$, the quantum disk and $\gamma$-quantum wedge are two of the most natural types of Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) surfaces with boundary. These surfaces arise as scaling limits of finite and infinite random planar…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-05-12 Morris Ang , Ewain Gwynne

We study Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) in the supercritical (a.k.a. strongly coupled) phase, which has background charge $Q \in (0,2)$ and central charge $\mathbf{c}_{\mathrm{L}} = 1+6Q^2 \in (1,25)$. Recent works have shown how to define…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-05-30 Manan Bhatia , Ewain Gwynne , Jinwoo Sung

An outstanding open issue in our quest for physics beyond Einstein is the unification of general relativity (GR) and quantum physics. Loop quantum gravity (LQG) is a leading approach toward this goal. At its heart is the central lesson of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-04-12 Abhay Ashtekar , Eugenio Bianchi

First passage percolation (FPP) on $\mathbb{Z}^d$ or $\mathbb{R}^d$ is a canonical model of a random metric space where the standard Euclidean geometry is distorted by random noise. Of central interest is the length and the geometry of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-07-27 Riddhipratim Basu , Manan Bhatia , Shirshendu Ganguly

In this paper, we rigorously construct $2d$ Liouville Quantum Field Theory on the Riemann sphere introduced in the 1981 seminal work by Polyakov "Quantum Geometry of bosonic strings". We also establish some of its fundamental properties…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-06-08 François David , Antti Kupiainen , Rémi Rhodes , Vincent Vargas

The phase diagram of 2d Lorentzian quantum gravity (LQG) coupled to conformal matter is studied. A phase transition is observed at $c=c_{\rm crit}$ ($1/2<c_{\rm crit}<4$) which can be thought of as the analogue of the $c=1$ barrier of…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2015-06-25 Jan Ambjorn , K. N. Anagnostopoulos , R. Loll