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The IC3 algorithm, also known as PDR, is a SAT-based model checking algorithm that has significantly influenced the field in recent years due to its efficiency, scalability, and completeness. It utilizes SAT solvers to solve a series of SAT…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Yuheng Su , Qiusong Yang , Yiwei Ci , Yingcheng Li , Tianjun Bu , Ziyu Huang

Although most scheduling problems are NP-hard, domain specific techniques perform well in practice but are quite expensive to construct. In adaptive problem-solving solving, domain specific knowledge is acquired automatically for a general…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2009-09-25 J. Gratch , S. Chien

The Model-Constructing Satisfiability Calculus (MCSAT) framework has been applied to SMT problems over various arithmetic theories. NLSAT, an implementation using cylindrical algebraic decomposition (CAD) for explanation, is especially…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Zhonghan Wang

Constrained Horn Clauses (CHCs) are often used in automated program verification. Thus, techniques for (dis-)proving satisfiability of CHCs are a very active field of research. On the other hand, acceleration techniques for computing…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Florian Frohn , Jürgen Giesl

A new algorithm for deciding the satisfiability of polynomial formulas over the reals is proposed. The key point of the algorithm is a new projection operator, called sample-cell projection operator, custom-made for Conflict-Driven Clause…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-03-05 Haokun Li , Bican Xia

The design of efficient and generic algorithms for solving combinatorial optimization problems has been an active field of research for many years. Standard exact solving approaches are based on a clever and complete enumeration of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Félix Chalumeau , Ilan Coulon , Quentin Cappart , Louis-Martin Rousseau

We present graph backtracking, a novel, fine-grained backtracking scheme for CDCL-based SAT solving, parametrized by a user-defined weight function. For conflict repair, we challenge the decision level abstraction and use the implication…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Robin Coutelier , Thomas Hader , Laura Kovács

Clause Learning is one of the most important components of a conflict driven clause learning (CDCL) SAT solver that is effective on industrial instances. Since the number of learned clauses is proved to be exponential in the worse case, it…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-06-01 Jerry Lonlac , Engelbert Mephu Nguifo

A state-of-the-art criterion to evaluate the importance of a given learned clause is called Literal Block Distance (LBD) score. It measures the number of distinct decision levels in a given learned clause. The lower the LBD score of a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-04-26 Md Solimul Chowdhury , Martin Müller , Jia-Huai You

Modern CDCL SAT solvers easily solve industrial instances containing tens of millions of variables and clauses, despite the theoretical intractability of the SAT problem. This gap between practice and theory is a central problem in solver…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-05-28 Chunxiao Li , Jonathan Chung , Soham Mukherjee , Marc Vinyals , Noah Fleming , Antonina Kolokolova , Alice Mu , Vijay Ganesh

This paper describes a new approach on optimization of constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) by means of substituting sub-CSPs with locally consistent regular membership constraints. The purpose of this approach is to reduce the number of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-08-19 Sven Löffler , Ke Liu , Petra Hofstedt

In this project, we aimed to improve the runtime of Minisat, a Conflict-Driven Clause Learning (CDCL) solver that solves the Propositional Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) problem. We first used a logistic regression model to predict the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-11-01 Haoze Wu

All-Solution Satisfiability (AllSAT) and its extension, All-Solution Satisfiability Modulo Theories (AllSMT), have become more relevant in recent years, mainly in formal verification and artificial intelligence applications. The goal of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Giuseppe Spallitta , Roberto Sebastiani , Armin Biere

This paper describes diff-SAT, an Answer Set and SAT solver which combines regular solving with the capability to use probabilistic clauses, facts and rules, and to sample an optimal world-view (multiset of satisfying Boolean variable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Matthias Nickles

Constraint Programming (CP) is a declarative programming paradigm that allows for modeling and solving combinatorial optimization problems, such as the Job-Shop Scheduling Problem (JSSP). While CP solvers manage to find optimal or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Pierre Tassel , Martin Gebser , Konstantin Schekotihin

Parity reasoning is challenging for Conflict-Driven Clause Learning (CDCL) SAT solvers. This has been observed even for simple formulas encoding two contradictory parity constraints with different variable orders (Chew and Heule 2020). We…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Leroy Chew , Alexis de Colnet , Friedrich Slivovsky , Stefan Szeider

We propose and study a realistic Continual Learning (CL) setting where learning algorithms are granted a restricted computational budget per time step while training. We apply this setting to large-scale semi-supervised Continual Learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Wenxuan Zhang , Youssef Mohamed , Bernard Ghanem , Philip H. S. Torr , Adel Bibi , Mohamed Elhoseiny

Constraint Programming (CP) solvers typically tackle optimization problems by repeatedly finding solutions to a problem while placing tighter and tighter bounds on the solution cost. This approach is somewhat naive, especially for…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-05-09 Nicholas Downing , Thibaut Feydy , Peter J. Stuckey

Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) and SAT solvers are critical components in many formal software tools, primarily due to the fact that they are able to easily solve logical problem instances with millions of variables and clauses. This…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-09-06 Gereon Kremer , Erika Abraham , Vijay Ganesh

A new framework for presenting and analyzing the functionality of a modern DLL-based SAT solver is proposed. Our approach exploits the inherent relation between backtracking and resolution. We show how to derive the algorithm of a modern…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2011-10-27 Nachum Dershowitz , Alexander Nadel
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