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Related papers: On Dedicated CDCL Strategies for PB Solvers

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SAT solvers are indispensable in formal verification for hardware and software with many important applications. CDCL is the most widely used framework for modern SAT solvers, and restart is an essential technique of CDCL. When restarting,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Xindi Zhang , Zhihan Chen , Shaowei Cai

The decision variable selection policy used by the most competitive CDCL (Conflict-Driven Clause Learning) SAT solvers is either VSIDS (Variable State Independent Decaying Sum) or its variants such as exponential version EVSIDS. The common…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-04-05 Jingchao Chen

Discrete variables are common in many applications, such as probabilistic reasoning, planning and explainable AI. When symbolic reasoning techniques are brought in to bear on these applications, a standard technique for handling discrete…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yaofang Zhang , Ken Zhou , Adnan Darwiche

Answer set programming (ASP) is a well-established knowledge representation formalism. Most ASP solvers are based on (extensions of) technology from Boolean satisfiability solving. While these solvers have shown to be very successful in…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Wolf De Wulf , Bart Bogaerts

Efficient decision-making over continuously changing data is essential for many application domains such as cyber-physical systems, industry digitalization, etc. Modern stream reasoning frameworks allow one to model and solve various…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-08-10 Carmine Dodaro , Thomas Eiter , Paul Ogris , Konstantin Schekotihin

Modern CDCL SAT solvers learn clauses rapidly, and an important heuristic is the clause deletion scheme. Most current solvers have two (or more) stores of clauses. One has ``valuable'' clauses which are never deleted. Most learned clauses…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Sima Jamali , David Mitchell

The use of machine learning methods helps to improve decision making in different fields. In particular, the idea of bridging predictions (machine learning models) and prescriptions (optimization problems) is gaining attention within the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-11-22 Antonio Alcántara , Carlos Ruiz

It is well known that different solution strategies work well for different types of instances of hard combinatorial problems. As a consequence, most solvers for the propositional satisfiability problem (SAT) expose parameters that allow…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-08-03 Frank Hutter , Marius Lindauer , Adrian Balint , Sam Bayless , Holger Hoos , Kevin Leyton-Brown

Learned clauses minimization (LCM) let to performance improvements of modern SAT solvers especially in solving hard SAT instances. Despite the success of LCM approaches in sequential solvers, they are not widely incorporated in parallel SAT…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-08-06 Marc Hartung , Florian Schintke

In this paper we propose a novel approach for checking satisfiability of non-linear constraints over the reals, called ksmt. The procedure is based on conflict resolution in CDCL style calculus, using a composition of symbolical and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-07-08 Franz Brauße , Konstantin Korovin , Margarita Korovina , Norbert Th. Müller

When solving a combinatorial problem using propositional satisfiability (SAT), the encoding of the problem is of vital importance. We study encodings of Pseudo-Boolean (PB) constraints, a common type of arithmetic constraint that appears in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-18 Miquel Bofill , Jordi Coll , Peter Nightingale , Josep Suy , Felix Ulrich-Oltean , Mateu Villaret

This article introduces SatHyS (SAT HYbrid Solver), a novel hybrid approach for propositional satisfiability. It combines local search and conflict driven clause learning (CDCL) scheme. Each time the local search part reaches a local…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2009-10-08 Gilles Audenard , Jean-Marie Lagniez , Bertrand Mazure , Lakhdar Saïs

Original and learnt clauses in Conflict-Driven Clause Learning (CDCL) SAT solvers often contain redundant literals. This may have a negative impact on performance because redundant literals may deteriorate both the effectiveness of Boolean…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-07-31 Chu-Min Li , Fan Xiao , Mao Luo , Felip Manyà , Zhipeng Lü , Yu Li

QBF solvers implementing the QCDCL paradigm are powerful algorithms that successfully tackle many computationally complex applications. However, our theoretical understanding of the strength and limitations of these QCDCL solvers is very…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Olaf Beyersdorff , Benjamin Böhm

Our work presents a novel reinforcement learning (RL) based framework to optimize heuristic selection within the conflict-driven clause learning (CDCL) process, improving the efficiency of Boolean satisfiability (SAT) solving. The proposed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Muyu Pan , Matthew Walter , Dheeraj Kodakandla , Mahfuza Farooque

Although Boolean Constraint Technology has made tremendous progress over the last decade, the efficacy of state-of-the-art solvers is known to vary considerably across different types of problem instances and is known to depend strongly on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-01-07 Holger Hoos , Roland Kaminski , Marius Lindauer , Torsten Schaub

Many constraint satisfaction and optimisation problems can be solved effectively by encoding them as instances of the Boolean Satisfiability problem (SAT). However, even the simplest types of constraints have many encodings in the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Felix Ulrich-Oltean , Peter Nightingale , James Alfred Walker

Researchers in answer set programming and constraint programming have spent significant efforts in the development of hybrid languages and solving algorithms combining the strengths of these traditionally separate fields. These efforts…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-12-04 Marcello Balduccini , Yuliya Lierler

The Circuit Satisfiability (CSAT) problem, a variant of the Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) problem, plays a critical role in integrated circuit design and verification. However, existing SAT solvers, optimized for Conjunctive Normal Form…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Zhengyuan Shi , Tiebing Tang , Jiaying Zhu , Sadaf Khan , Hui-Ling Zhen , Mingxuan Yuan , Zhufei Chu , Qiang Xu

We previously designed Partial Order Conflict Driven Clause Learning (PO-CDCL), a variation of the satisfiability solving CDCL algorithm with a partial order on decision levels, and showed that it can speed up the solving on problems with a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-01 Anthony Monnet , Roger Villemaire