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We introduce fusion algebras with not necessarily positive structure constants and without identity element. We prove that they are semisimple when tensored with $\mathbb{C}$ and that their characters satisfy orthogonality relations. Then…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Michael Cuntz

Axial algebras are a class of commutative algebras generated by idempotents, with adjoint action semisimple and satisfying a prescribed fusion law. Axial algebras were introduced by Hall, Rehren, and Shpectorov in 2015 as a broad…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2023-01-02 Andrey Mamontov , Alexey Staroletov

Following a recent proposal of Richard Borcherds to regard fusion as the ring-like tensor product of modules of a {\em quantum ring}, a generalization of rings and vertex operators, we define fusion as a certain quotient of the (vector…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-26 M. Gaberdiel

An axial algebra is a commutative non-associative algebra generated by axes, that is, primitive, semisimple idempotents whose eigenvectors multiply according to a certain fusion law. The Griess algebra, whose automorphism group is the…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2020-09-25 Sanhan Khasraw , Justin McInroy , Sergey Shpectorov

We study the structure of fusion rules for the triplet $W$-algebra $\mathcal{W}_{p_+,p_-}$. By using the vertex tensor category theory developed by Huang, Lepowsky and Zhang, we rederive certain non-semisimple fusion rules given by…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2023-08-31 Hiromu Nakano

In topological phases of matter, fusion rules dictate how anyonic topological charges combine. However, the transformation of quasiparticle mobility under fusion remains largely unexplored. In this letter, we reveal that restricted mobility…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-14 Jie-Yu Zhang , Peng Ye

Axial algebras of Jordan type $\eta$ are commutative algebras generated by idempotents whose adjoint operators have the minimal polynomial dividing $(x-1)x(x-\eta)$, where $\eta\not\in\{0,1\}$ is fixed, with restrictive multiplication…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2020-05-29 Ilya Gorshkov , Alexey Staroletov

We consider the possibility of semisimple tensor categories whose fusion rule includes exactly one noninvertible simple object. Conditions are given for the existence or nonexistence of coherent associative structures for such fusion rules,…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2014-10-01 Jacob Siehler

We introduce decomposition algebras as a natural generalization of axial algebras, Majorana algebras and the Griess algebra. They remedy three limitations of axial algebras: (1) They separate fusion laws from specific values in a field,…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2020-08-26 Tom De Medts , Simon F. Peacock , Sergey Shpectorov , Michiel Van Couwenberghe

Let $\mathbf{B}$ be a basis for an $r$-dimensional algebra $A$ over a field or commutative ring with unity. The semifusions of $\mathbf{B}$ are the partitions of $\mathbf{B}$ whose characteristic functions form the basis of a subalgebra of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-16 Allen Herman , Roghayeh Maleki

We extend the theory of Matsuo algebras, which are certain non-associative algebras related to 3-transposition groups, to characteristic 2. Instead of idempotent elements associated to points in the corresponding Fischer space, our algebras…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2023-09-13 Tom De Medts , Mathias Stout

Inspired by code vertex operator algebras (VOAs) and their representation theory, we define code algebras, a new class of commutative non-associative algebras constructed from binary linear codes. Let $C$ be a binary linear code of length…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2019-01-31 Alonso Castillo-Ramirez , Justin McInroy , Felix Rehren

We determine fusion rules (dimensions of the space of intertwining operators) among simple modules for the vertex operator algebra obtained as an even part of the symplectic fermionic vertex operator superalgebra. By using these fusion…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2011-08-10 Toshiyuki Abe , Yusuke Arike

We consider algebras over a field K, generated by two variables x and y subject to the single relation yx = qxy + ax + by + c for q in K^* and a, b, c in K. We prove, that among such algebras there are precisely five isomorphism classes.…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2011-08-05 Christoph Koutschan , Viktor Levandovskyy , Oleksandr Motsak

In earlier work we studied the structure of primitive axial algebras of Jordan type (PAJ's), not necessarily commutative, in terms of their primitive axes. In this paper we weaken primitivity and permit several pairs of (left and right)…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2024-09-13 Louis Halle Rowen , Yoav Segev

We prove that the space of intertwining operators associated with certain admissible modules over vertex operator algebras is isomorphic to a quotient of the vector space of conformal blocks on a three-pointed rational curve defined by the…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2023-02-22 Jianqi Liu

This article analyzes the geometric properties of an idempotent, non-associative algebraic structure that extends the Max-Times semiring. This algebraic structure is useful for studying systems of Max-Times and Max-Plus equations, employing…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2025-04-08 Walter Briec

Matsuo algebras are an algebraic incarnation of 3-transposition groups with a parameter $\alpha$, where idempotents takes the role of the transpositions. We show that a large class of idempotents in Matsuo algebras satisfy the Seress…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2015-06-30 Felix Rehren

The Peirce decomposition of a Jordan algebra with respect to an idempotent is well known. This decomposition was taken one step further and generalized recently by Hall, Rehren and Shpectorov, withtheir introduction of {\it axial algebras},…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2021-08-17 Louis Rowen , Yoav Segev

The notions of idempotental identities and axial identities of axial algebras are introduced, in order to understand better some theorems of J.~Desmet, I.~Gorshkov, S.~Shpectorov, and A.~Staroletov about solid subalgebras; this approach…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2025-11-24 Louis Halle Rowen