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The translation of pronouns presents a special challenge to machine translation to this day, since it often requires context outside the current sentence. Recent work on models that have access to information across sentence boundaries has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-07 Mathias Müller , Annette Rios , Elena Voita , Rico Sennrich

Qualitative relationships illustrate how changing one property (e.g., moving velocity) affects another (e.g., kinetic energy) and constitutes a considerable portion of textual knowledge. Current approaches use either semantic parsers to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Mucheng Ren , Heyan Huang , Yang Gao

With the rapid development of deep learning technologies, the field of machine translation has witnessed significant progress, especially with the advent of large language models (LLMs) that have greatly propelled the advancement of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Jiaxin GUO , Xiaoyu Chen , Zhiqiang Rao , Jinlong Yang , Zongyao Li , Hengchao Shang , Daimeng Wei , Hao Yang

With the advent of neural machine translation, there has been a marked shift towards leveraging and consuming the machine translation results. However, the gap between machine translation systems and human translators needs to be manually…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Jiayi Wang , Ke Wang , Niyu Ge , Yangbing Shi , Yu Zhao , Kai Fan

The majority of research in computational psycholinguistics has concentrated on the processing of words. This study introduces innovative methods for computing sentence-level metrics using multilingual large language models. The metrics…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Kun Sun , Rong Wang

Machine Translation (MT) evaluation metrics assess translation quality automatically. Recently, researchers have employed MT metrics for various new use cases, such as data filtering and translation re-ranking. However, most MT metrics…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Stefano Perrella , Lorenzo Proietti , Pere-Lluís Huguet Cabot , Edoardo Barba , Roberto Navigli

Inferring the probability distribution of sentences or word sequences is a key process in natural language processing. While word-level language models (LMs) have been widely adopted for computing the joint probabilities of word sequences,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Heewoong Park , Sukhyun Cho , Jonghun Park

Word sense disambiguation is a well-known source of translation errors in NMT. We posit that some of the incorrect disambiguation choices are due to models' over-reliance on dataset artifacts found in training data, specifically superficial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Denis Emelin , Ivan Titov , Rico Sennrich

Current evaluation metrics for language modeling and generation rely heavily on the accuracy of predicted (or generated) words as compared to a reference ground truth. While important, token-level accuracy only captures one aspect of a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-15 Shiran Dudy , Steven Bedrick

Unlike classical lexical overlap metrics such as BLEU, most current evaluation metrics for machine translation (for example, COMET or BERTScore) are based on black-box large language models. They often achieve strong correlations with human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Christoph Leiter , Piyawat Lertvittayakumjorn , Marina Fomicheva , Wei Zhao , Yang Gao , Steffen Eger

Larger models often outperform smaller ones but come with high computational costs. Cascading offers a potential solution. By default, it uses smaller models and defers only some instances to larger, more powerful models. However, designing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 António Farinhas , Nuno M. Guerreiro , Sweta Agrawal , Ricardo Rei , André F. T. Martins

Processing of multi-word expressions (MWEs) is a known problem for any natural language processing task. Even neural machine translation (NMT) struggles to overcome it. This paper presents results of experiments on investigating NMT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-07 Matīss Rikters , Ondřej Bojar

Machine Translation (MT) has been widely used for cross-lingual classification, either by translating the test set into English and running inference with a monolingual model (translate-test), or translating the training set into the target…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Mikel Artetxe , Vedanuj Goswami , Shruti Bhosale , Angela Fan , Luke Zettlemoyer

Machine Translation (MT) and automatic MT evaluation have improved dramatically in recent years, enabling numerous novel applications. Automatic evaluation techniques have evolved from producing scalar quality scores to precisely locating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Stefano Perrella , Eric Morales Agostinho , Hugo Zaragoza

Maximum-likelihood estimation (MLE) is widely used in sequence to sequence tasks for model training. It uniformly treats the generation/prediction of each target token as multi-class classification, and yields non-smooth prediction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-12-13 Chengyue Gong , Xu Tan , Di He , Tao Qin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced Machine Translation (MT), applying them to linguistically complex domains-such as Social Network Services, literature etc. In these scenarios, translations often require handling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Yanzhi Tian , Cunxiang Wang , Zeming Liu , Heyan Huang , Wenbo Yu , Dawei Song , Jie Tang , Yuhang Guo

Quality Estimation (QE) models evaluate the quality of machine translations without reference translations, serving as the reward models for the translation task. Due to the data scarcity, synthetic data generation has emerged as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Xiang Geng , Zhejian Lai , Jiajun Chen , Hao Yang , Shujian Huang

This paper describes our approach to hierarchical multi-label detection of persuasion techniques in meme texts. Our model, developed as a part of the recent SemEval task, is based on fine-tuning individual language models (BERT,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Kota Shamanth Ramanath Nayak , Leila Kosseim

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown significant potential as judges for Machine Translation (MT) quality assessment, providing both scores and fine-grained feedback. Although approaches such as GEMBA-MQM have shown state-of-the-art…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Qingyu Lu , Liang Ding , Kanjian Zhang , Jinxia Zhang , Dacheng Tao

Machine translation (MT) was developed as one of the hottest research topics in the natural language processing (NLP) literature. One important issue in MT is that how to evaluate the MT system reasonably and tell us whether the translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Lifeng Han