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Solid-state qubits have recently advanced to the level that enables them, in-principle, to be scaled-up into fault-tolerant quantum computers. As these physical qubits continue to advance, meeting the challenge of realising a quantum…

Quantum thermodynamics aims at extending standard thermodynamics and non-equilibrium statistical physics to systems with sizes well below the thermodynamic limit. A rapidly evolving research field, which promises to change our understanding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-23 Fabrizio Cleri

Continuing advancements in quantum information processing have caused a paradigm shift from research mainly focused on testing the reality of quantum mechanics to engineering qubit devices with numbers required for practical quantum…

Superconducting microwave amplifiers are essential for sensitive signal readout in superconducting quantum processors. Typically based on Josephson Junctions, these amplifiers require operation at milli-Kelvin temperatures to achieve…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-07 Mingrui Xu , Yufeng Wu , Wei Dai , Hong X. Tang

A superconductor with a gap in the density of states or a quantum dot with discrete energy levels is a central building block in realizing an electronic on-chip cooler. They can work as energy filters, allowing only hot quasiparticles to…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2012-03-26 Juha T. Muhonen , Matthias Meschke , Jukka P. Pekola

Cryogenic confocal microscopy is a powerful method for studying solid state quantum devices such as single photon sources and optically controlled qubits. While the vast majority of such studies have been conducted at temperatures of a few…

Quantum computing (QC) has already entered the industrial landscape and several multinational corporations have initiated their own research efforts. So far, many of these efforts have been focusing on superconducting qubits, whose…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-08 Farzan Jazaeri , Arnout Beckers , Armin Tajalli , Jean-Michel Sallese

A robust cryogenic infrastructure in form of a wired, thermally optimized dilution refrigerator is essential for present and future solid-state based quantum processors. Here, we engineer an extensible cryogenic setup, which minimizes…

Quantum communication at microwave frequencies has been fundamentally constrained by the susceptibility of microwave photons to thermal noise, hindering their application in scalable quantum networks. Here we demonstrate a…

Refrigeration is an important enabler for quantum technology. The very low energy of the fundamental excitations typically utilized in quantum technology devices and systems requires temperature well below 1 K. Expensive cryostats are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-16 E. Mykkänen , J. S. Lehtinen , A. Ronzani , A. Kemppinen , A. Alkurdi , P. -O. Chapuis , M. Prunnila

Large-scale cryogenic Input-Output (IO) infrastructure is a requirement for realising fault-tolerant quantum computing in solid-state modalities. Such IO scaling presents significant challenges in thermal modelling, hardware design and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-17 Scott A. Manifold , George B. Long , Jonathan J. Burnett

Replacing the bulky cryoliquid-based cooling stages of cryoenabled instruments by chip-scale refrigeration is envisioned to disruptively reduce the system size similar to microprocessors did for computers. Electronic refrigerators based on…

Large power consumption of silicon CMOS electronics is a challenge in very-large-scale integrated circuits and a major roadblock to fault-tolerant quantum computation. Matching the power dissipation of Si-MOSFETs to the thermal budget at…

Experiments with superconducting quantum processors have successfully demonstrated the basic functions needed for quantum computation and evidence of utility, albeit without a sizable array of error-corrected qubits. The realization of the…

Access to lower temperatures has consistently enabled scientific breakthroughs. Pushing the limits of \emph{on-chip} temperatures deep into the microkelvin regime would open the door to unprecedented quantum coherence, novel quantum states…

Ultracold atoms provide a platform for analog quantum computer capable of simulating the quantum turbulence that underlies puzzling phenomena like pulsar glitches in rapidly spinning neutron stars. Unlike other platforms like liquid helium,…

Superfluid helium is a prototypical quantum liquid. As such, it has been a prominent platform for the study of quantum many body physics. More recently, the outstanding mechanical and optical properties of superfluid helium, such as low…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-08-28 Alexander R. Korsch , Niccolò Fiaschi , Simon Gröblacher

Scaling superconducting quantum computers to the fault-tolerant regime calls for a commensurate scaling of the classical control and readout stack. Today's systems largely rely on room-temperature, rack-based instrumentation connected to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Shiro Kawabata

The most promising quantum algorithms require quantum processors hosting millions of quantum bits when targeting practical applications. A major challenge towards large-scale quantum computation is the interconnect complexity. In current…