Related papers: On the distribution function of suprathermal parti…
Kappa-distributed velocities in plasmas are common in a wide variety of settings, from low-density to high-density plasmas. To date, they have been found mainly in space plasmas, but are recently being considered also in the modelling of…
The kappa distribution of velocities appears routinely in the study of collisionless plasmas present in Earth's magnetosphere, the solar wind among other contexts where particles are unable to reach thermal equilibrium. Originally justified…
Particle velocity distribution functions (VDF) in space plasmas often show non Maxwellian suprathermal tails decreasing as a power law of the velocity. Such distributions are well fitted by the so-called Kappa distribution. The presence of…
We consider a phenomenological model for the thermal leakage injection in the diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) process, in which suprathermal protons and electrons near the shock transition zone are assumed to have the so-called…
From the perspective of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, modeling the velocity distribution of particles in non-equilibrium, steady-state plasmas presents a significant challenge. Under this context, a family of kappa distributions…
We demonstrate that a nonthermal distribution of particles described by a kappa distribution can be accurately approximated by a weighted sum of Maxwell-Boltzmann distributions. We apply this method to modeling collision processes in…
Most astrophysical plasmas are observed to have velocity distribution functions exhibiting non-Maxwellian suprathermal tails. The high energy particle populations are accurately represented by the family of kappa-distributions where the use…
Dissipative processes cause collisionless plasmas in many systems to develop nonthermal particle distributions with broad power-law tails. The prevalence of power-law energy distributions in space/astrophysical observations and kinetic…
The propagation of ion acoustic shocks in nonthermal plasmas is investigated, both analytically and numerically. An unmagnetized collisionless electron-ion plasma is considered, featuring a superthermal (non-Maxwellian) electron…
Nonthermal velocity distributions with much greater tails than the Maxwellian have been observed for radical atoms in plasmas for a long time. Historically, such velocity distributions have been modeled by a two-temperature Maxwell…
The standard (non-relativistic) $\kappa$-distribution is widely used to fit data and to describe macroscopic thermodynamical behavior, e.g.\ the pressure (temperature) as the second moment of the distribution function. By contrast to a…
This paper presents the misestimation of temperature when observations from a kappa distributed plasma are analyzed as a Maxwellian. One common method to calculate the space plasma parameters is by fitting the observed distributions using…
It is shown that power law phase space distributions describe marginally stable Gibbsian equilibria far from thermal equilibrium which are expected to occur in collisionless plasmas containing fully developed quasi-stationary turbulence.…
Models of the continuum radiation from accreting hot plasmas typically assume that the plasma heating mechanism produces energetic particles distributed in energy either as a Maxwellian (the ``thermal'' models) or as an extended power law…
In astronomical environments, the high-temperature emission of plasma mainly depends on ion charge states, which requires accurate analysis of the ionization and recombination processes. For various phenomena involving energetic particles,…
Shocks, turbulence and winds all influence the electron velocity distribution in hot plasmas, exciting lower-energy electrons and generating a high-energy (typically power-law) tail. This effect, typically described as a kappa distribution…
For various plasma applications the so-called (non-relativistic) $\kappa$-distribution is widely used to reproduce and interpret the suprathermal particle populations exhibiting a power-law distribution in velocity or energy. Despite its…
The pseudo-potential method is applied to derive diverse propagating electron hole structures, in a nonthermal or $\kappa$ particle distribution function background. The associated distribution function Ansatz reproduces the Schamel…
The ubiquity of high-energy tails in the charged particle velocity distribution functions observed in space plasmas suggests the existence of an underlying process responsible for taking a fraction of the charged particle population out of…
Diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) of particles at collisionless shocks is the major accepted paradigm about the origin of cosmic rays (CRs). As a theory it was developed during the late 1970s in the so-called test-particle case. If one…