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Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment (DDA) is a viable approach to enhance a player's experience in video games. Recently, Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods have been employed for DDA in non-competitive games; nevertheless, they rely solely on…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Masoud Rahimi , Hadi Moradi , Abdol-hossein Vahabie , Hamed Kebriaei

Dynamic difficulty adjustment (DDA) is a technology that adapts a game's challenge to match the player's skill. It is a key element in game development that provides continuous motivation and immersion to the player. However, conventional…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Hee-Seung Moon , Jiwon Seo

Videogames are nowadays one of the biggest entertainment industries in the world. Being part of this industry means competing against lots of other companies and developers, thus, making fanbases of vital importance. They are a group of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-07-15 Gabriel K. Sepulveda , Felipe Besoain , Nicolas A. Barriga

Dynamic difficulty adjustment ($DDA$) is a process of automatically changing a game difficulty for the optimization of user experience. It is a vital part of almost any modern game. Most existing DDA approaches concentrate on the experience…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Dvir Ben Or , Michael Kolomenkin , Gil Shabat

Virtual reality (VR) produces a highly realistic simulated environment with controllable environment variables. This paper proposes a Dynamic Scene Adjustment (DSA) mechanism based on the user interaction status and performance, which aims…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Zhitao Liu , Yi Li , Ning Xie , YouTeng Fan , Haolan Tang , Wei Zhang

Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment (DDA) is a mechanism used in video games that automatically tailors the individual gaming experience to match an appropriate difficulty setting. This is generally achieved by removing pre-defined difficulty…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-06-13 Anthony M. Colwell , Frank G. Glavin

Video Games are boring when they are too easy, and frustrating when they are too hard. In terms of providing game experience such as enjoyment to the player by match players with different levels of ability to player ability, We assume that…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Junjie Xu

This paper addresses the dynamic difficulty adjustment on MOBA games as a way to improve the player's entertainment. Although MOBA is currently one of the most played genres around the world, it is known as a game that offer less autonomy,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-06-12 Mirna Paula Silva , Victor do Nascimento Silva , Luiz Chaimowicz

Automatically adapting game content to players opens new doors for game development. In this paper we propose an architecture using persona agents and experience metrics, which enables evolving procedurally generated levels tailored for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Pedro M. Fernandes , Jonathan Jørgensen , Niels N. T. G. Poldervaart

Reinforcement learning has shown great potential in generalizing over raw sensory data using only a single neural network for value optimization. There are several challenges in the current state-of-the-art reinforcement learning algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-04 Per-Arne Andersen , Morten Goodwin , Ole-Christoffer Granmo

Balancing game difficulty in video games is a key task to create interesting gaming experiences for players. Mismatching the game difficulty and a player's skill or commitment results in frustration or boredom on the player's side, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Ronja Fuchs , Robin Gieseke , Alexander Dockhorn

Virtual Reality (VR) exergames can increase engagement in and motivation for physical activities. Most VR exergames focus on the upper body because many VR setups only track the users' heads and hands. To become a serious alternative to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Sebastian Cmentowski , Sukran Karaosmanoglu , Lennart Nacke , Frank Steinicke , Jens Krüger

Balancing combat encounters in Dungeons & Dragons (D&D) is a complex task that requires Dungeon Masters (DM) to manually assess party strength, enemy composition, and dynamic player interactions while avoiding interruption of the narrative…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Carlo Romeo , Andrew D. Bagdanov

Procedural Content Generation via Reinforcement Learning (PCGRL) foregoes the need for large human-authored data-sets and allows agents to train explicitly on functional constraints, using computable, user-defined measures of quality…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Zehua Jiang , Sam Earle , Michael Cerny Green , Julian Togelius

In games, as well as many user-facing systems, adapting content to users' preferences and experience is an important challenge. This paper explores a novel method to realize this goal in the context of dynamic difficulty adjustment (DDA).…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-01 Miguel González-Duque , Rasmus Berg Palm , Sebastian Risi

Search-based procedural content generation (PCG) is a well-known method for level generation in games. Its key advantage is that it is generic and able to satisfy functional constraints. However, due to the heavy computational costs to run…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-26 Ahmed Khalifa , Michael Cerny Green , Julian Togelius

In this work, we consider the problem of procedural content generation for video game levels. Prior approaches have relied on evolutionary search (ES) methods capable of generating diverse levels, but this generation procedure is slow,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-01 Nicholas Muir , Steven James

Deep Reinforcement Learning has shown tremendous success in solving several games and tasks in robotics. However, unlike humans, it generally requires a lot of training instances. Trajectories imitating to solve the task at hand can help to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-18 Sujoy Paul , Jeroen van Baar

With increasing interest in procedural content generation by academia and game developers alike, it is vital that different approaches can be compared fairly. However, evaluating procedurally generated video game levels is often difficult,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Michael Beukman , Steven James , Christopher Cleghorn

Procedural Content Generation (PCG) is widely used to create scalable and diverse environments in games. However, existing methods, such as the Wave Function Collapse (WFC) algorithm, are often limited to static scenarios and lack the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Aniruddha Srinivas Joshi
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