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Big longitudinal observational medical data potentially hold a wealth of information and have been recognised as potential sources for gaining new drug safety knowledge. Unfortunately there are many complexities and underlying issues when…
The proliferation of early diagnostic technologies, including self-monitoring systems and wearables, coupled with the application of these technologies on large segments of healthy populations may significantly aggravate the problem of…
Reward processing and derangements thereof, such as drug addiction, involve the coordinated activity of many brain areas. Prior work has identified many behavioral, molecular biological and single neuron changes throughout the…
Machine learning systems are deployed in critical settings, but they might fail in unexpected ways, impacting the accuracy of their predictions. Poisoning attacks against machine learning induce adversarial modification of data used by a…
Childhood obesity remains a major public health challenge in the United States, strongly influenced by a combination of individual-level, household-level, and environmental-level risk factors. Traditional epidemiological studies typically…
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most frequent pediatric cancer. Approximately two third of survivors develop one or more health complications known as late adverse effects following their treatments. The existing measures offered to…
This study applies a Geospatial Explainable AI (GeoXAI) framework to analyze the spatially heterogeneous and nonlinear determinants of traffic crash density in Florida. By combining a high-performing machine learning model with GeoShapley,…
To uncover the city's fundamental functioning mechanisms, it is important to acquire a deep understanding of complicated relationships among citizens, location, and mobility behaviors. Previous research studies have applied direct…
Work zone safety is influenced by many risk factors. Consequently, a comprehensive knowledge of the risk factors identified from crash data analysis becomes critical in reducing risk levels and preventing severe crashes in work zones. This…
Recently supervised machine learning has been ascending in providing new predictive approaches for chemical, biological and materials sciences applications. In this Perspective we focus on the interplay of machine learning algorithm with…
Previous studies have suggested a link between alcohol outlets and assaultive violence. In this paper, we explore the effects of alcohol availability on assault crimes at the census tract level over time. The statistical analysis is…
The growing availability of large health databases has expanded the use of observational studies for comparative effectiveness research. Unlike randomized trials, observational studies must adjust for systematic differences in patient…
Substance use and abuse is a significant public health problem in the United States. Group-based intervention programs offer a promising means of preventing and reducing substance abuse. While effective, unfortunately, inappropriate…
Preoperative opioid use has been reported to be associated with higher preoperative opioid demand, worse postoperative outcomes, and increased postoperative healthcare utilization and expenditures. Understanding the risk of preoperative…
Development of new medications is a very lengthy and costly process. Finding novel indications for existing drugs, or drug repositioning, can serve as a useful strategy to shorten the development cycle. In this study, we present an approach…
We study treatment effect modifiers for causal analysis in a social network, where neighbors' characteristics or network structure may affect the outcome of a unit, and the goal is to identify sub-populations with varying treatment effects…
Combination chemotherapy treatment regimens created for patients diagnosed with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia have had great success in improving cure rates. Unfortunately, patients prescribed these types of treatment regimens have…
Interference between pharmacological substances can cause serious medical injuries. Correctly predicting so-called drug-drug interactions (DDI) does not only reduce these cases but can also result in a reduction of drug development cost.…
Gender-based crime is one of the most concerning scourges of contemporary society. Governments worldwide have invested lots of economic and human resources to radically eliminate this threat. Despite these efforts, providing accurate…
Decades of economic decline have led to areas of increased deprivation in a number of U.S. inner cities, which can be linked to adverse health and other outcomes. Yet the calculation of a single "deprivation" index, which has received wide…