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Concentrated Liquidity Market Makers (CLMMs) represent a fundamental innovation in market microstructure, transforming liquidity provision from passive portfolio allocation to active risk management. This evolution creates significant…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-03-31 Andrey Urusov , Rostislav Berezovskiy , Anatoly Krestenko , Andrei Kornilov , Yury Yanovich

Uniswap is a decentralized exchange (DEX) and was first launched on November 2, 2018 on the Ethereum mainnet [1] and is part of an Ecosystem of products in Decentralized Finance (DeFi). It replaces a traditional order book type of trading…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2021-06-29 Andreas A. Aigner , Gurvinder Dhaliwal

Liquidity Providers on Automated Market Makers generate millions of USD in transaction fees daily. However, the net value of a Liquidity Position is vulnerable to price changes in the underlying assets in the pool. The dominant measure of…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Adam Khakhar , Xi Chen

Decentralized exchanges (DEXs) face persistent challenges in liquidity retention and user engagement due to inefficiencies in conventional automated market maker (AMM) designs. This work proposes a dual-mechanism framework to address these…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2025-02-28 CY Yan , Steve Keol , Xo Co , Nate Leung

Decentralized finance (DeFi) has revolutionized the financial landscape, with protocols like Uniswap offering innovative automated market-making mechanisms. This article explores the development of a backtesting framework specifically…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-10-15 Andrey Urusov , Rostislav Berezovskiy , Yury Yanovich

With the emergence of decentralized finance, new trading mechanisms called Automated Market Makers have appeared. The most popular Automated Market Makers are Constant Function Market Makers. They have been studied both theoretically and…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2023-11-21 Philippe Bergault , Louis Bertucci , David Bouba , Olivier Guéant

Uniswap v3 is the largest decentralized exchange for digital currencies. A novelty of its design is that it allows a liquidity provider (LP) to allocate liquidity to one or more closed intervals of the price of an asset instead of the full…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Zhou Fan , Francisco Marmolejo-Cossío , Daniel J. Moroz , Michael Neuder , Rithvik Rao , David C. Parkes

The emergence of Concentrated Liquidity Market Makers (CLMMs) has made liquidity provision on decentralized exchanges an active and risk-sensitive task. However, the standalone profitability of liquidity provision remains unclear for…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2026-04-27 Andrey Urusov , Rostislav Berezovskiy , Anatoly Krestenko , Andrei Kornilov

We suggest a framework to determine optimal trading fees for constant function market makers (CFMMs) in order to maximize liquidity provider returns. In a setting of multiple competing liquidity pools, we show that no race to the bottom…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Robin Fritsch , Roger Wattenhofer

We investigate the behavior of liquidity providers (LPs) by modeling a decentralized cryptocurrency exchange (DEX) based on Uniswap v3. LPs with heterogeneous characteristics choose optimal liquidity positions subject to uncertainty…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2024-04-16 Erhan Bayraktar , Asaf Cohen , April Nellis

Concentrated liquidity automated market makers (AMMs), such as Uniswap v3, enable liquidity providers (LPs) to earn liquidity rewards by depositing tokens into liquidity pools. However, LPs often face significant financial losses driven by…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2025-04-24 Simon Caspar Zeller , Paul-Niklas Ken Kandora , Daniel Kirste , Niclas Kannengießer , Steffen Rebennack , Ali Sunyaev

We present a mathematical formulation of liquidity provision in decentralized exchanges. We focus on constant function market makers of utility indifference type, which include constant product market makers with concentrated liquidity as a…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2025-02-05 Masaaki Fukasawa , Basile Maire , Marcus Wunsch

Automated Market Makers (AMMs) are essential to decentralized finance, offering continuous liquidity and enabling intermediary-free trading on blockchains. However, participants in AMMs are vulnerable to Maximal Extractable Value (MEV)…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Mengqian Zhang , Sen Yang , Fan Zhang

Concentrated-liquidity automated market makers (CLAMMs), as exemplified by Uniswap v3, are now a common primitive in decentralized finance frameworks. Their design combines continuous trading on constant-function curves with discrete tick…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Julius Tranquilli , Naman Gupta

This paper presents a comprehensive study on the empirical dynamics of Uniswap v3 liquidity, which we model as a time-tick surface, $L_t(x)$. Using a combination of functional principal component analysis (FPCA) and dynamic factor methods,…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2025-09-08 Jimmy Risk , Shen-Ning Tung , Tai-Ho Wang

The always-available liquidity of automated market makers (AMMs) has been one of the most important catalysts in early cryptocurrency adoption. However, it has become increasingly evident that AMMs in their current form are not viable…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Conor McMenamin , Vanesa Daza , Bruno Mazorra

Market fragmentation across multiple Automated Market Makers (AMMs) creates inefficiencies such as costly arbitrage, unnecessarily high slippage and delayed incorporation of new information into prices. These inefficiencies raise trading…

General Economics · Economics 2025-10-01 Marcelo Bagnulo , Angel Hernando-Veciana , Efthymios Smyrniotis

Automated Market Makers (AMMs) hold assets and are constantly being rebalanced by external arbitrageurs to match external market prices. Loss-versus-rebalancing (LVR) is a pivotal metric for measuring how an AMM pool performs for its…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2024-11-01 Matthew Willetts , Christian Harrington

The recently proposed Uniswap v3 replaces the fungible liquidity provider token (LP token) into non-fungible ones, making the design for liquidity mining more difficult. In this paper, we propose a flexible liquidity mining scheme that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-13 Jimmy Yin , Mac Ren

Automated Market Makers (AMMs) are major centers of matching liquidity supply and demand in Decentralized Finance. Their functioning relies primarily on the presence of liquidity providers (LPs) incentivized to invest their assets into a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Viraj Nadkarni , Jiachen Hu , Ranvir Rana , Chi Jin , Sanjeev Kulkarni , Pramod Viswanath