Related papers: Modular forms, projective structures, and the four…
Lagrange's four-square theorem states that every natural number $n$ can be represented as the sum of four integer squares: $n=x_1^2+x_2^2+x_3^2+x_4^2$. Ramanujan generalized Lagrange's result by providing, up to equivalence, all $54$…
We show how to prove theorems in additive number theory using a decision procedure based on finite automata. Among other things, we obtain the following analogue of Lagrange's theorem: every natural number > 686 is the sum of at most 4…
Lagrange's four-square theorem asserts that any $n\in\mathbb N=\{0,1,2,\ldots\}$ can be written as the sum of four squares. This can be further refined in various ways. We show that any $n\in\mathbb N$ can be written as $x^2+y^2+z^2+w^2$…
Lagrange's four squares theorem is a classical theorem in number theory. Recently, Z.-W. Sun found that it can be further refined in various ways. In this paper we study some conjectures of Sun and obtain various refinements of Lagrange's…
Lagrange's Four Squares Theorem states that any positive integer can be expressed as the sum of four integer squares. We investigate the analogous question over Quaternion rings, focusing on squares of elements of Quaternion rings with…
A well-known theorem of Lagrange asserts that every nonnegative integer $n$ can be written in the form $a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2$, where $a,b,c,d \in \mathbb{Z}$. We characterize the values assumed by $a+b+c+d$ as we range over all such…
A short and elementary proof, and a finite-form generalization, are given of Jacobi's formula for the number of ways of writing an integer as a sum of four squares (that implies Lagrange's famous 1777 theorem.)
The 4-D theory with connection components Gamma^k_{mn} as field variables and module of squared curvature |R^k_{lmn}R^{lmn}_k| as Lagrangian is described. The Maxwell equations, the Lorentz condition and the gravity field equation, that…
The well-known Lagrange's four-square theorem states that any integer $n\in\mathbb{N}=\{0,1,2,...\}$ can be written as the sum of four squares. Recently, Z.-W. Sun investigated the representations of $n$ as $x^2+y^2+z^2+w^2$ with certain…
We refine Lagrange's four-square theorem in new ways by imposing some restrictions involving powers of two (including $1$). For example, we show that each $n=1,2,3,\ldots$ can be written as $x^2+y^2+z^2+w^2$ $(x,y,z,w\in\mathbb…
Well-known results of Lagrange and Jacobi prove that the every $m \in \mathbb N$ can be expressed as a sum of four integer squares, and the number $r(m)$ of such representations can be given by an explicit formula in $m$. In this paper, we…
A classical result asserts that the complex projective plane modulo complex conjugation is the 4-dimensional sphere. We generalize this result in two directions by considering the projective planes over the normed real division algebras and…
Generalized octagonal numbers are those $p_8(x)=x(3x-2)$ with $x\in\mathbb Z$. In this paper we mainly show that every positive integer can be written as the sum of four generalized octagonal numbers one of which is odd. This result is…
A proof of Lagrange's and Jacobi's four-square theorem due to Hurwitz utilizes orders in a quaternion algebra over the rationals. Seeking a generalization of this technique to orders over number fields, we identify two key components: an…
We enumerate smooth rational curves on very general Weierstrass fibrations over hypersurfaces in projective space. The generating functions for these numbers lie in the ring of classical modular forms. The method of proof uses topological…
A simple formal procedure makes the main properties of the lagrangian binomial extendable to functions depending to any kind of order of the time--derivatives of the lagrangian coordinates. Such a broadly formulated binomial can provide the…
The classical theorems relating integral binary quadratic forms and ideal classes of quadratic orders have been of tremendous importance in mathematics, and many authors have given extensions of these theorems to rings other than the…
In this course we introduce the main notions relative to the classical theory of modular forms. A complete treatise in a similar style can be found in the author's book joint with F. Str{\"o}mberg [1].
An alternative class of the Lagrangian called the multiplicative form is suc- cessfully derived for a system with one degree of freedom for both non-relativistic and relativistic cases. This new Lagrangian can be considered as a…
Consider a finite-dimensional algebra $A$ and any of its moduli spaces $\mathcal{M}(A,\mathbf{d})^{ss}_{\theta}$ of representations. We prove a decomposition theorem which relates any irreducible component of…