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While the English virtual assistants have achieved exciting performance with an enormous amount of training resources, the needs of non-English-speakers have not been satisfied well. Up to Dec 2021, Alexa, one of the most popular smart…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-24 Michael Sun , Kaili Huang , Mehrad Moradshahi

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly seen as assistants, copilots, and consultants, capable of supporting a wide range of tasks through natural conversation. However, most systems remain constrained by a linear request-response…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Jiaqi Chen , Yanzhe Zhang , Yutong Zhang , Yijia Shao , Diyi Yang

In this paper, we describe the foundations for generating a chatbot out of a website equipped with simple, bot-specific HTML annotations. The approach is part of what we call conversational web browsing, i.e., a dialog-based, natural…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Pietro Chittò , Marcos Baez , Florian Daniel , Boualem Benatallah

The Open Data movement promotes the free distribution of data. More and more companies and governmental organizations are making their data available online following the Open Data philosophy, resulting in a growing market of technologies…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Hamza Ed-douibi , Javier Luis Cánovas Izquierdo , Gwendal Daniel , Jordi Cabot

Conversational systems or chatbots are an example of AI-Infused Applications (AIIA). Chatbots are especially important as they are often the first interaction of clients with a business and are the entry point of a business into the AI…

There is growing interest in exploring user simulation as an alternative to gathering and scoring real user-chatbot interactions for AI chatbot evaluation. For this purpose, it is important to ensure the realism of the simulation, i.e., the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Yu Lu Liu , Hyokun Yun , Tanya Roosta , Ziang Xiao

Recent research in dialogue systems and corpora has focused on two main categories: task-oriented (TOD) and open-domain (chit-chat) dialogues. TOD systems help users accomplish specific tasks, while open-domain systems aim to create…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Wen-Yu Chang , Yun-Nung Chen

Dialogue benchmarks are crucial in training and evaluating chatbots engaging in domain-specific conversations. Knowledge graphs (KGs) represent semantically rich and well-organized data spanning various domains, such as DBLP, DBpedia, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Reham Omar , Omij Mangukiya , Essam Mansour

Automated interviewers and chatbots are common in research, recruitment, customer service, and education. Many existing systems use fixed question lists, strict rules, and limited personalization, leading to repeated conversations that…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Aisvarya Adeseye , Jouni Isoaho , Seppo Virtanen , Mohammad Tahir

Dialogue systems, also called chatbots, are now used in a wide range of applications. However, they still have some major weaknesses. One key weakness is that they are typically trained from manually-labeled data and/or written with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-25 Bing Liu , Sahisnu Mazumder

This study investigates the capacity of Large Language Models (LLMs) to infer the Big Five personality traits from free-form user interactions. The results demonstrate that a chatbot powered by GPT-4 can infer personality with moderate…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Heinrich Peters , Moran Cerf , Sandra C. Matz

Agent Skill framework, now widely and officially supported by major players such as GitHub Copilot, LangChain, and OpenAI, performs especially well with proprietary models by improving context engineering, reducing hallucinations, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Yangjie Xu , Lujun Li , Lama Sleem , Niccolo Gentile , Yewei Song , Yiqun Wang , Siming Ji , Wenbo Wu , Radu State

We tackle the challenge of building real-world multimodal assistants for complex real-world tasks. We describe the practicalities and challenges of developing and deploying GRILLBot, a leading (first and second prize winning in 2022 and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Sophie Fischer , Carlos Gemmell , Niklas Tecklenburg , Iain Mackie , Federico Rossetto , Jeffrey Dalton

The manual modeling of complex systems is a daunting task; and although a plethora of methods exist that mitigate this issue, the problem remains very difficult. Recent advances in generative AI have allowed the creation of general-purpose…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-05 David Harel , Guy Katz , Assaf Marron , Smadar Szekely

Large Language Models have found application in various mundane and repetitive tasks including Human Resource (HR) support. We worked with the domain experts of SAP SE to develop an HR support chatbot as an efficient and effective tool for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Anum Afzal , Alexander Kowsik , Rajna Fani , Florian Matthes

Business process automation is a booming multi-billion-dollar industry that promises to remove menial tasks from workers' plates -- through the introduction of autonomous agents -- and free up their time and brain power for more creative…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-01-13 Yara Rizk , Abhishek Bhandwalder , Scott Boag , Tathagata Chakraborti , Vatche Isahagian , Yasaman Khazaeni , Falk Pollock , Merve Unuvar

Many organisations pursue digital transformation to enhance operational efficiency, reduce manual efforts, and optimise processes by automation and digital tools. To achieve this, a comprehensive understanding of their unique needs is…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Jiawei Zheng , Gokcen Yilmaz , Ji Han , Saeema Ahmed-Kristensen

The application of Deep Learning and Natural Language based ChatBots are growing rapidly in recent years. They are used in many fields like customer support, reservation system and as personal assistant. The Enterprises are using such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-22 Narayana Darapaneni , Selvakumar Raj , Raghul V , Venkatesh Sivaraman , Sunil Mohan , Anwesh Reddy Paduri

Recently emerged intelligent assistants on smartphones and home electronics (e.g., Siri and Alexa) can be seen as novel hybrids of domain-specific task-oriented spoken dialogue systems and open-domain non-task-oriented ones. To realize such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-25 Satoshi Akasaki , Nobuhiro Kaji

The emergence of pretrained large language models has led to the deployment of a range of social chatbots for chitchat. Although these chatbots demonstrate language ability and fluency, they are not guaranteed to be engaging and can…