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The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) and quantum annealing are two of the most popular quantum optimization heuristics. While QAOA is known to be able to approximate quantum annealing, the approximation requires QAOA angles…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-09 Sami Boulebnane , James Sud , Ruslan Shaydulin , Marco Pistoia

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) generates an approximate solution to combinatorial optimization problems using a variational ansatz circuit defined by parameterized layers of quantum evolution. In theory, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-24 Rebekah Herrman , Phillip C. Lotshaw , James Ostrowski , Travis S. Humble , George Siopsis

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm to solve binary-variable optimization problems. Due to the short circuit depth and its expected robustness to systematic errors, it is one of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-23 Jason Larkin , Matías Jonsson , Daniel Justice , Gian Giacomo Guerreschi

This paper presents the Maximum Amplification Optimisation Algorithm (MAOA), a novel quantum algorithm designed for combinatorial optimisation in the restricted circuit depth context of near-term quantum computing. The MAOA first produces a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-02 Tavis Bennett , Jingbo B. Wang

Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a quantum-classical hybrid algorithm proposed with the goal of approximately solving combinatorial optimization problems such as the MAX-CUT problem. It has been considered a potential…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-26 Eunok Bae , Hyukjoon Kwon , V Vijendran , Soojoon Lee

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a leading candidate algorithm for solving optimization problems on quantum computers. However, the potential of QAOA to tackle classically intractable problems remains unclear. Here,…

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is designed to run on a gate model quantum computer and has shallow depth. It takes as input a combinatorial optimization problem and outputs a string that satisfies a high fraction of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-22 Edward Farhi , Aram W Harrow

In this paper, the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is analyzed by leveraging symmetries inherent in problem Hamiltonians. We focus on the generalized formulation of optimization problems defined on the sets of $n$-element…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-23 Boris Tsvelikhovskiy , Ilya Safro , Yuri Alexeev

The Quantum Alternating Operator Ansatz (QAOA) represents a branch of quantum algorithms for solving combinatorial optimization problems. A specific variant, the Grover-Mixer Quantum Alternating Operator Ansatz (GM-QAOA), ensures uniform…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-27 Ningyi Xie , Jiahua Xu , Tiejin Chen , Xinwei Lee , Yoshiyuki Saito , Nobuyoshi Asai , Dongsheng Cai

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a hybrid variational quantum-classical algorithm that solves combinatorial optimization problems. While there is evidence suggesting that the fixed form of the standard QAOA ansatz is…

A local algorithm is a distributed algorithm where each node must operate solely based on the information that was available at system startup within a constant-size neighbourhood of the node. We study the applicability of local algorithms…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2008-09-09 Patrik Floréen , Petteri Kaski , Topi Musto , Jukka Suomela

We introduce the Constraint-Enhanced Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (CE-QAOA), a shallow, constraint-aware ansatz that operates inside the one-hot product space [n]^m, where m is the number of blocks and each block is…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Chinonso Onah , Roman Firt , Kristel Michielsen

We introduce a quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) for continuous optimization. The algorithm is based on the dynamics of a quantum system moving in an energy potential which encodes the objective function. By approximating…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-04 Guillaume Verdon , Juan Miguel Arrazola , Kamil Brádler , Nathan Killoran

We show that in random $K$-uniform hypergraphs of constant average degree, for even $K \geq 4$, local algorithms defined as factors of i.i.d. can not find nearly maximal cuts, when the average degree is sufficiently large. These algorithms…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-11-05 Wei-Kuo Chen , David Gamarnik , Dmitry Panchenko , Mustazee Rahman

Combinatorial optimization is regarded as a potentially promising application of near and long-term quantum computers. The best-known heuristic quantum algorithm for combinatorial optimization on gate-based devices, the Quantum Approximate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-22 Sami Boulebnane , Ashley Montanaro

Hybrid quantum-classical algorithms such as the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) are considered as one of the most encouraging approaches for taking advantage of near-term quantum computers in practical applications. Such…

The quantum approximate optimisation algorithm (QAOA) is a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm used to approximately solve combinatorial optimisation problems. It involves multiple iterations of a parameterised ansatz comprising a problem…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-16 V. Vijendran , Aritra Das , Dax Enshan Koh , Syed M. Assad , Ping Koy Lam

We study the relationship between the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) and the underlying symmetries of the objective function to be optimized. Our approach formalizes the connection between quantum symmetry properties of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-29 Ruslan Shaydulin , Stuart Hadfield , Tad Hogg , Ilya Safro

We propose and study Th-QAOA (pronounced Threshold QAOA), a variation of the Quantum Alternating Operator Ansatz (QAOA) that replaces the standard phase separator operator, which encodes the objective function, with a threshold function…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-06 John Golden , Andreas Bärtschi , Daniel O'Malley , Stephan Eidenbenz

Noise on near-term quantum devices will inevitably limit the performance of Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA). One significant consequence is that the performance of QAOA may fail to monotonically improve with depth. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-12 Yu Pan , Yifan Tong , Shibei Xue , Guofeng Zhang
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