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High error rates and limited fidelity of quantum gates in near-term quantum devices are the central obstacles to successful execution of the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA). In this paper we introduce an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-16 Ruslan Shaydulin , Alexey Galda

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is widely studied for combinatorial optimization and has achieved significant advances both in theoretical guarantees and practical performance, yet for general combinatorial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-26 Jingheng Wang , Shengminjie Chen , Xiaoming Sun , Jialin Zhang

We prove a general structural theorem for a wide family of local algorithms, which includes property testers, local decoders, and PCPs of proximity. Namely, we show that the structure of every algorithm that makes $q$ adaptive queries and…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Marcel Dall'Agnol , Tom Gur , Oded Lachish

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a promising approach for programming a near-term gate-based hybrid quantum computer to find good approximate solutions of hard combinatorial problems. However, little is currently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-21 Gavin E. Crooks

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) has become a cornerstone of contemporary quantum applications development. In QAOA, a quantum circuit is trained -- by repeatedly adjusting circuit parameters -- to solve a problem.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-17 V. Akshay , D. Rabinovich , E. Campos , J. Biamonte

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) represents a significant opportunity for practical quantum computing applications, particularly in the era before error correction is fully realized. This algorithm is especially…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-08 Yiwen Liu , Qingyue Jiao , Yidong Zhou , Zhiding Liang , Yiyu Shi , Ke Wan , Shangjie Guo

In low-depth implementations of the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA), the dominant cost is often the number of objective evaluations rather than circuit depth. We introduce a graph-conditioned trust-region method for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Molena Huynh

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a hybrid quantum-classical variational algorithm that offers the potential to handle combinatorial optimization problems. Introducing constraints in such combinatorial optimization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-15 Santosh Kumar Radha

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have demonstrated considerable potential in solving NP-hard combinatorial problems in the contemporary near intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era. The quantum approximate optimisation algorithm (QAOA)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-09 Boy Choy , David J. Wales

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is an algorithmic framework for finding approximate solutions to combinatorial optimization problems, derived from an approximation to the Quantum Adiabatic Algorithm (QAA). In solving…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-05 Yue Ruan , Samuel Marsh , Xilin Xue , Xi Li , Zhihao Liu , Jingbo Wang

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is an algorithm originally proposed to find approximate solutions to Combinatorial Optimization problems on quantum computers. However, the algorithm has also attracted interest for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-08 Pablo Díez-Valle , Diego Porras , Juan José García-Ripoll

The Quantum Approximate Optimisation Algorithm (QAOA) is a widely studied quantum-classical iterative heuristic for combinatorial optimisation. While QAOA targets problems in complexity class NP, the classical optimisation procedure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-12 Tom Krüger , Wolfgang Mauerer

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm, also known in its generalization as the quantum alternating operator ansatz, (QAOA) is a heuristic hybrid quantum-classical algorithm for finding high-quality approximate solutions to…

Developing quantum algorithms adaptive to specific constraints of near-term devices is an essential step towards practical quantum advantage. In a recent work [Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 103601(2023)], we show cold atoms in an optical cavity can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-12 Yuchen Luo , Xiaopeng Li , Jian Lin

We study variational quantum algorithms from the perspective of free fermions. By deriving the explicit structure of the associated Lie algebras, we show that the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) on a one-dimensional…

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a promising quantum algorithm that can be used to approximately solve combinatorial optimization problems. The usual QAOA ansatz consists of an alternating application of the cost and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-01 Anthony Wilkie , Igor Gaidai , James Ostrowski , Rebekah Herrman

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is one of the canonical algorithms designed to find approximate solutions to combinatorial optimization problems in current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. It is an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-12 Ping Zou

We show how to apply the recursive quantum approximate optimization algorithm (RQAOA) to MAX-$k$-CUT, the problem of finding an approximate $k$-vertex coloring of a graph. We compare this proposal to the best known classical and hybrid…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-20 Sergey Bravyi , Alexander Kliesch , Robert Koenig , Eugene Tang

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a hybrid quantum-classical variational algorithm designed to tackle combinatorial optimization problems. Despite its promise for near-term quantum applications, not much is currently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-26 Leo Zhou , Sheng-Tao Wang , Soonwon Choi , Hannes Pichler , Mikhail D. Lukin

Farhi et al. recently proposed a class of quantum algorithms, the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA), for approximately solving combinatorial optimization problems. A level-p QAOA circuit consists of p steps; in each step a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-01 Zhihui Wang , Stuart Hadfield , Zhang Jiang , Eleanor G. Rieffel