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The effectiveness of large language models (LLMs) is often hindered by duplicated data in their extensive pre-training datasets. Current approaches primarily focus on detecting and removing duplicates, which risks the loss of valuable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Nan He , Weichen Xiong , Hanwen Liu , Yi Liao , Lei Ding , Kai Zhang , Guohua Tang , Xiao Han , Wei Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in educational settings as interactive tools for collaboration. However, their tendency toward sycophancy, aligning with user beliefs even when incorrect, raises concerns for learning and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Cansu Koyuturk , Sabrina Guidotti , Dimitri Ognibene

Large language models (LLMs) have shown strong results on a range of applications, including regression and scoring tasks. Typically, one obtains outputs from an LLM via autoregressive sampling from the model's output distribution. We show…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Michal Lukasik , Harikrishna Narasimhan , Aditya Krishna Menon , Felix Yu , Sanjiv Kumar

In this paper, the problem of recovery of morphological information lost in abbreviated forms is addressed with a focus on highly inflected languages. Evidence is presented that the correct inflected form of an expanded abbreviation can in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-29 Piotr Żelasko

Advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have increased the performance of different natural language understanding as well as generation tasks. Although LLMs have breached the state-of-the-art performance in various tasks, they often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Charaka Vinayak Kumar , Ashok Urlana , Gopichand Kanumolu , Bala Mallikarjunarao Garlapati , Pruthwik Mishra

Predicting problem-difficulty in large language models (LLMs) refers to estimating how difficult a task is according to the model itself, typically by training linear probes on its internal representations. In this work, we study the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Stefano Civelli , Pietro Bernardelle , Nicolò Brunello , Gianluca Demartini

Language models provide a key framework for studying linguistic theories based on prediction, but phonological analysis using large language models (LLMs) is difficult; there are few phonological benchmarks beyond English and the standard…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Zébulon Goriely , Paula Buttery

We introduce SAM4MLLM, an innovative approach which integrates the Segment Anything Model (SAM) with Multi-Modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) for pixel-aware tasks. Our method enables MLLMs to learn pixel-level location information without…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Yi-Chia Chen , Wei-Hua Li , Cheng Sun , Yu-Chiang Frank Wang , Chu-Song Chen

The large language model (LLM) is typically integrated into the mainstream optimization protocol. No work has questioned whether maintaining the model integrity is \textit{indispensable} for promising performance. In this work, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Mingyuan Zhang , Yue Bai , Huan Wang , Yizhou Wang , Qihua Dong , Yitian Zhang , Yun Fu

Given the remarkable capabilities of large language models (LLMs), there has been a growing interest in evaluating their similarity to the human brain. One approach towards quantifying this similarity is by measuring how well a model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Ebrahim Feghhi , Nima Hadidi , Bryan Song , Idan A. Blank , Jonathan C. Kao

Instruction tuning plays a crucial role in shaping the outputs of language models (LMs) to desired styles. In this work, we propose a simple yet effective method, Instruction Modelling (IM), which trains LMs by applying a loss function to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Zhengyan Shi , Adam X. Yang , Bin Wu , Laurence Aitchison , Emine Yilmaz , Aldo Lipani

We quantify the linguistic complexity of different languages' morphological systems. We verify that there is an empirical trade-off between paradigm size and irregularity: a language's inflectional paradigms may be either large in size or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-10 Ryan Cotterell , Christo Kirov , Mans Hulden , Jason Eisner

Instruction Fine-Tuning enhances pre-trained language models from basic next-word prediction to complex instruction-following. However, existing One-off Instruction Fine-Tuning (One-off IFT) method, applied on a diverse instruction, may not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Wei Pang , Chuan Zhou , Xiao-Hua Zhou , Xiaojie Wang

Word class flexibility refers to the phenomenon whereby a single word form is used across different grammatical categories. Extensive work in linguistic typology has sought to characterize word class flexibility across languages, but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Bai Li , Guillaume Thomas , Yang Xu , Frank Rudzicz

Most current large language models (LLMs) support a wide variety of languages in addition to English, including high-resource languages (e.g. German, Chinese, French), as well as low-resource ones (e.g. Swahili, Telugu). In addition they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Jan-Thorsten Peter , David Vilar , Tobias Domhan , Dan Malkin , Markus Freitag

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance across various tasks. However, current training approaches combine standard cross-entropy loss with extensive data, human feedback, or ad hoc methods to enhance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Daniele Rege Cambrin , Giuseppe Gallipoli , Irene Benedetto , Luca Cagliero , Paolo Garza

Self-correction is a highly desirable capability of large language models (LLMs), yet it has consistently been found to be largely ineffective in modern LLMs. Current methods for training self-correction typically depend on either multiple…

Descriptions of complex nominal or verbal systems make use of inflectional classes. Inflectional classes bring together nouns which have similar stem changes and use similar exponents in their paradigms. Although inflectional classes can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Alexandre Nikolaev , Yu-Ying Chuang , R. Harald Baayen

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable progress, yet the object hallucination remains a critical challenge for reliable deployment. In this paper, we present an in-depth analysis of instruction token embeddings…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Runhe Lai , Xinhua Lu , Yanqi Wu , Jinlun Ye , Weijiang Yu , Ruixuan Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable success on a wide range of math and reasoning benchmarks. However, we observe that they often struggle when faced with unreasonable math problems. Instead of recognizing these issues,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jingyuan Ma , Damai Dai , Zihang Yuan , Rui li , Weilin Luo , Bin Wang , Qun Liu , Lei Sha , Zhifang Sui