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In this paper, two 8-point multiplication-free DCT approximations based on the Chen's factorization are proposed and their fast algorithms are also derived. Both transformations are assessed in terms of computational cost, error energy, and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-26 C. J. Tablada , T. L. T. da Silveira , R. J. Cintra , F. M. Bayer

Approximate methods have been considered as a means to the evaluation of discrete transforms. In this work, we propose and analyze a class of integer transforms for the discrete Fourier, Hartley, and cosine transforms (DFT, DHT, and DCT),…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-07 R. J. Cintra

Low-rank optimization has emerged as a promising direction in training large language models (LLMs) to improve running time and reduce the memory usage of adaptive optimizers by constraining learning to a lower-dimensional space. Prior work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Ionut-Vlad Modoranu , Mher Safaryan , Erik Schultheis , Max Ryabinin , Artem Chumachenko , Dan Alistarh

In this paper, we introduce low-complexity multidimensional discrete cosine transform (DCT) approximations. Three dimensional DCT (3D DCT) approximations are formalized in terms of high-order tensor theory. The formulation is extended to…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-21 V. A. Coutinho , R. J. Cintra , F. M. Bayer

Two multiplierless pruned 8-point discrete cosine transform (DCT) approximation are presented. Both transforms present lower arithmetic complexity than state-of-the-art methods. The performance of such new methods was assessed in the image…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2016-12-13 V. A. Coutinho , R. J. Cintra , F. M. Bayer , S. Kulasekera , A. Madanayake

Matrix approximation methods have successfully produced efficient, low-complexity approximate transforms for the discrete cosine transforms and the discrete Fourier transforms. For the DFT case, literature archives approximations operating…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-18 L. Portella , F. M. Bayer , R. J. Cintra

The discrete cosine transform (DCT) is a relevant tool in signal processing applications, mainly known for its good decorrelation properties. Current image and video coding standards -- such as JPEG and HEVC -- adopt the DCT as a…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-09 T. L. T. da Silveira , D. R. Canterle , D. F. G. Coelho , V. A. Coutinho , F. M. Bayer , R. J. Cintra

A new class of matrices based on a parametrization of the Feig-Winograd factorization of 8-point DCT is proposed. Such parametrization induces a matrix subspace, which unifies a number of existing methods for DCT approximation. By solving a…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-07-19 C. J. Tablada , F. M. Bayer , R. J. Cintra

Due to its remarkable energy compaction properties, the discrete cosine transform (DCT) is employed in a multitude of compression standards, such as JPEG and H.265/HEVC. Several low-complexity integer approximations for the DCT have been…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2016-12-05 R. J. Cintra , F. M. Bayer , V. A. Coutinho , S. Kulasekera , A. Madanayake

This paper presents stable, radix-2, completely recursive discrete cosine transformation algorithms DCT-I and DCT-III solely based on DCT-I, DCT-II, DCT-III, and DCT-IV having sparse and orthogonal factors. Error bounds for computing the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2015-08-10 Sirani M. Perera

We present algorithms for the discrete cosine transform (DCT) and discrete sine transform (DST), of types II and III, that achieve a lower count of real multiplications and additions than previously published algorithms, without sacrificing…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-20 Xuancheng Shao , Steven G. Johnson

The discrete cosine transform (DCT) is a central tool for image and video coding because it can be related to the Karhunen-Lo\`eve transform (KLT), which is the optimal transform in terms of retained transform coefficients and data…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-28 A. P. Radünz , L. Portella , R. S. Oliveira , F. M. Bayer , R. J. Cintra

Discrete transforms such as the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and the discrete Hartley transform (DHT) are important tools in numerical analysis. The successful application of transform techniques relies on the existence of efficient…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2015-02-06 H. M. de Oliveira , R. J. Cintra , R. M. Campello de Souza

In this paper, we propose a collection of approximations for the 8-point discrete cosine transform (DCT) based on integer functions. Approximations could be systematically obtained and several existing approximations were identified as…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-02-26 R. J. Cintra , F. M. Bayer , C. J. Tablada

An orthogonal approximation for the 8-point discrete cosine transform (DCT) is introduced. The proposed transformation matrix contains only zeros and ones; multiplications and bit-shift operations are absent. Close spectral behavior…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2014-02-26 R. J. Cintra , F. M. Bayer

Quantum mechanical calculations for material modelling using Kohn-Sham density functional theory (DFT) involve the solution of a nonlinear eigenvalue problem for $N$ smallest eigenvector-eigenvalue pairs with $N$ proportional to the number…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-09-26 Sameer Khadatkar , Phani Motamarri

There is growing interest in learning Fourier domain sampling strategies (particularly for magnetic resonance imaging, MRI) using optimization approaches. For non-Cartesian sampling patterns, the system models typically involve non-uniform…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-07 Guanhua Wang , Jeffrey A. Fessler

We study recursive algorithm for computing DCT of lengths $N=q 2^m$ ($m,q \in \mathbb{N}$, $q$ is odd) due to C.W.Kok. We show that this algorithm has the same multiplicative complexity as theoretically achievable by the prime factor…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2010-01-22 Yuriy A. Reznik

Holographic MIMO (hMIMO) systems with a massive number of individually controlled antennas N make minimum mean square error (MMSE) channel estimation particularly challenging, due to its computational complexity that scales as $N^3$ . This…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Antonio Alberto D'Amico , Giacomo Bacci , Luca Sanguinetti

An area efficient row-parallel architecture is proposed for the real-time implementation of bivariate algebraic integer (AI) encoded 2-D discrete cosine transform (DCT) for image and video processing. The proposed architecture computes…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2017-10-30 A. Edirisuriya , A. Madanayake , R. J. Cintra , V. S. Dimitrov
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