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The probability density functions (PDFs) for the solution of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equation can be represented by a hierarchy of linear equations. This article develops new hierarchical evolution equations for PDFs of a scalar…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-08-22 Qian Huang , Christian Rohde

We introduce a generalized definition of parton distribution functions (PDFs) for a more consistent all-order treatment of power corrections. We present a new set of modified DGLAP evolution equations for nuclear PDFs, and show that the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 Zhong-Bo Kang , Jian-Wei Qiu

We analize the use of algorithms based in x-space for the solution of renormalization group equations of DGLAP-type and test their consistency by studying bounds among partons distributions - in our specific case Soffer's inequality and the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-11-17 Alessandro Cafarella , Claudio Coriano' , Marco Guzzi

I present a highly efficient method for evolving parton distributions in perturbative QCD. The method allows evolving the parton distribution functions according to any of the commonly-used truncations of the evolution equations (which…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-11-17 David A. Kosower

Q^2 evolution equations are important not only for describing hadron reactions in accelerator experiments but also for investigating ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays. The standard ones are called DGLAP evolution equations, which are…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-11-17 S. Kumano , T. -H. Nagai

We present the main results of our recent papers, where we derived an analytical solution of the QCD evolution equations for parton distribution functions. The valence and non-singlet quark components satisfy the Gross-Llewellyn-Smith and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-10-24 A. V. Kotikov , A. V. Lipatov

Double parton distribution functions (DPDFs) are used in the QCD description of double parton scattering. The DPDFs evolve with hard scales through QCD evolution equations which obey nontrivial momentum and valence quark number sum rules.…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-07-30 Krzysztof Golec-Biernat , Emilia Lewandowska

The parton distributions functions (PDFs) derived from the NNLO QCD analysis of existing light-targets deep-inelastic-scattering data are presented. The NLO and NNLO PDFs are compared in order to analyze perturbative stability of the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 S. Alekhin

We investigate the concept of partonic entropy of the proton within the Dokshitzer--Gribov--Lipatov--Altarelli--Parisi (DGLAP) evolution scheme of collinear parton distributions. We show that such entropy increases monotonically with the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-01-27 Krzysztof Golec-Biernat

Time series of observables measured from complex systems do often exhibit non-normal statistics, their statistical distributions (PDF's) are not gaussian and often skewed, with roughly exponential tails. Departure from gaussianity is…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2018-06-29 F. Sattin

The next-to-leading order (NLO) evolution of the parton distribution functions (PDF's) in QCD is the "industry standard" in the lepton-hadron and hadron-hadron collider data analysis. The standard NLO DGLAP evolution is formulated for…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-02 S. Jadach , M. Skrzypek

Heavy quark parton distribution functions (PDFs) play an important role in several Standard Model and New Physics processes. Most PDF analyses rely on the assumption that the charm and bottom PDFs are generated perturbatively by gluon…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-08-17 A. Kusina

In the framework of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), parton distribution functions (PDFs) quantify how the momentum and spin of a hadron are divided among its quark and gluon constituents. Two main approaches exist to determine PDFs. The first…

In this paper we make predictions for nondiagonal parton distributions in a proton in the LLA. We calculate the DGLAP-type evolution kernels in the LLA, solve the nondiagonal GLAP evolution equations with a modified version of the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-11-17 L. L. Frankfurt , A. Freund , V. Guzey , M. Strikman

Determining evolution equations governing the probability density function (pdf) of non-Markovian responses to random differential equations (RDEs) excited by coloured noise, is an important issue arising in various problems of stochastic…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2019-07-25 K. I. Mamis , G. A. Athanassoulis , Z. G. Kapelonis

At large values of $x$ the parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the proton are poorly constrained and there are considerable variations between different global fits. Data at such high $x$ have already been published by the ZEUS…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2021-07-14 Ritu Aggarwal

Nonequilibrium statistical mechanics exhibit a variety of complex phenomena far from equilibrium. It inherits challenges of equilibrium, including accurately describing the joint distribution of a large number of configurations, and also…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-02-08 Ying Tang , Jing Liu , Jiang Zhang , Pan Zhang

We present a determination of the parton distributions of the nucleon from a global set of hard scattering data using the NNPDF methodology: NNPDF2.0. Experimental data include deep-inelastic scattering with the combined HERA-I dataset,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-11-20 Richard D. Ball , Luigi Del Debbio , Stefano Forte , Alberto Guffanti , Jose I. Latorre , Juan Rojo , Maria Ubiali

We apply the Lagrange Multiplier method to study the uncertainties of physical predictions due to the uncertainties of parton distribution functions (PDFs), using the cross section for W production at a hadron collider as an archetypal…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-09-25 D. Stump , J. Pumplin , R. Brock , D. Casey , J. Huston , J. Kalk , H. L. Lai , W. K. Tung

Using a recursive algorithm to solve the renormalization group equations of N=1 QCD (DGLAP), we describe the most general supersymmetric evolution of the parton distributions. The analysis involves the regular DGLAP evolution, a partial…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 Claudio Coriano