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The parton distributions in the proton are evaluated dynamically using a nonlinear QCD evolution equation - the DGLAP equation with twist-4 (the GLR-MQ-ZSR) corrections - starting from a low scale $\mu^2$, where the nucleon consists of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-09-11 Xurong Chen , Jianhong Ruan , Rong Wang , Pengming Zhang , Wei Zhu

Parton distribution functions (PDFs) form an essential part of particle physics calculations. Currently, the most precise predictions for these non-perturbative functions are generated through fits to global data. A problem that several PDF…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-09-04 Mengshi Yan , Tie-Jiun Hou , Zhao Li , Kirtimaan Mohan , C. -P. Yuan

We present an application of the theory of stochastic processes to model and categorize non-equilibrium physical phenomena. The concepts of uniformly continuous probability measures and modular evolution lead to a systematic hierarchical…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-08-18 Enrique Hernandez-Lemus , Jesus K. Estrada-Gil

The next-to-leading order (NLO) evolution of the parton distribution functions (PDFs) in QCD is a common tool in the lepton-hadron and hadron-hadron collider data analysis. The standard NLO DGLAP evolution is formulated for inclusive…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-02-02 S. Jadach , M. Skrzypek , A. Kusina , M. Slawinska

Parton distribution functions (PDFs) with QED corrections extracted from the QED$\otimes$QCD DGLAP evolution equations in the framework of "valon" model. Our results for the PDFs with QED corrections in this phenomenological model are in…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-10-25 Marzieh Mottaghizadeh , Fatemeh Taghavi Shahri , Parvin Eslami

This paper investigates the crucial role of parton distribution functions (PDFs) in high-energy physics, particularly their impact on the extraction of generalized parton distributions (GPDs) at zero skewness. To this aim, we perform six…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-03-23 The MMGPDs Collaboration , Fatemeh Irani , Muhammad Goharipour , K. Azizi

We present an efficient numerical solution of the DGLAP equations for single and double parton distribution functions (PDFs and DPDs), based on the Chebyshev interpolation of these functions. For PDF evolution, our method allows for a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-06-25 Riccardo Nagar

We provide an analysis of the x-dependence of the bare unpolarized, helicity and transversity iso-vector parton distribution functions (PDFs) from lattice calculations employing (maximally) twisted mass fermions. The x-dependence of the…

Evolution equations for parton distributions can be approximately diagonalized and solved in moment space without assuming any knowledge of the parton distribution in the region of small x. The evolution algorithm for truncated moments is…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 Lorenzo Magnea , Stefano Forte

We suggest a new procedure for extrapolating the parton distributions from HERA energies to higher energies at THERA and LHC. The procedure suggested consists of two steps: first, we solve the non-linear evolution equation which includes…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-11-17 M. Lublinsky , E. Gotsman , E. Levin , U. Maor

We formulate and numerically solve the Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi~(DGLAP) evolution equations at next-to-leading order in perturbation theory directly for a basis of 6 physical, observable structure functions in deeply…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-09-03 Tuomas Lappi , Heikki Mäntysaari , Hannu Paukkunen , Mirja Tevio

This contribution describes the HOPPET Fortran~95 package for carrying out DGLAP evolution and other common manipulations of PDFs. The PDFs are represented on a grid in $x$-space so as to avoid limitations on the functional form of input…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-07-02 Gavin Salam , Juan Rojo

Twist-3 collinear parton distribution functions (PDFs) are matrix elements of quark-gluon-quark or three-gluons light-cone operators. They depend on three momentum fraction variables, which are restricted to a hexagon region, and the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-07-10 Simone Rodini , Lorenzo Rossi , Alexey Vladimirov

We present a new method to solve in a semianalytical way the Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi evolution equations at NLO order in the x-space. The method allows to construct an evolution operator expressed in form of a rapidly…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-11-17 Pietro Santorelli , Egidio Scrimieri

We revisit the calculation of the evolution equations for four unpolarized twist-3 transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton distribution functions (PDFs) at $\mathcal {O}(\alpha_s)$. Unlike the existing calculations in the literature,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-07-01 Xue-Tao Liu , Ping-An Liu , Yu-Lu Liu , An-Ping Chen

Study of parton distribution function (PDF) is a topic of significant interest in QCD. To overcome the shortcomings of conventional PDFs, several alternative methods have been suggested in recent years. The present work reports the x…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-14 D. K. Choudhury , Pijush Kanti Dhar

Generalized parton distributions (GPDs) characterize the 3-dimensional structure of hadrons, combining information about their internal quark and gluon longitudinal momentum distributions and transverse position within the hadron. The…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-12-25 A. Freese , D. Adamiak , I. Cloët , W. Melnitchouk , J. -W. Qiu , N. Sato , M. Zaccheddu

We present a new analysis to extract pion's parton distribution functions (PDFs) in the framework of the statistical model. Starting from the statistical model framework first developed for the spin-1/2 nucleon, we apply appropriate…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-02-03 Claude Bourrely , Franco Buccella , Jen-Chieh Peng

The evolution of probability distribution functions (PDFs) of continuous density, velocity and velocity derivatives ( deformation tensor) fields in the theory of cosmological gravitational instability are considered. We show that in the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Lev Kofman

The energy dependence for the singlet sector of Parton Distributions Functions (PDFs) is described by an entangled pair of ordinary linear differential equations. Although there are no exact analytic solutions, it is possible to provide…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-02-28 Andrea Simonelli