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Cross-domain scientific synthesis requires connecting mechanistic explanations across fragmented literature, a capability that remains challenging for both retrieval-based systems and unconstrained language models. While recent work has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Sauhard Dubey

Multi-hop Question Answering (MHQA) aims to answer questions that require multi-step reasoning. It presents two key challenges: generating correct reasoning paths in response to the complex user queries, and accurately retrieving essential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yuqing Fu , Yimin Deng , Wanyu Wang , Yuhao Wang , Yejing Wang , Hongshi Liu , Yiqi Wang , Xiao Han , Maolin Wang , Guoshuai Zhao , Yi Chang , Xiangyu Zhao

Question-driven summarization has been recently studied as an effective approach to summarizing the source document to produce concise but informative answers for non-factoid questions. In this work, we propose a novel question-driven…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-09 Yang Deng , Wenxuan Zhang , Wai Lam

We investigate the ability of language models to perform compositional reasoning tasks where the overall solution depends on correctly composing the answers to sub-problems. We measure how often models can correctly answer all sub-problems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Ofir Press , Muru Zhang , Sewon Min , Ludwig Schmidt , Noah A. Smith , Mike Lewis

Multi-relation Question Answering is a challenging task, due to the requirement of elaborated analysis on questions and reasoning over multiple fact triples in knowledge base. In this paper, we present a novel model called Interpretable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-04 Mantong Zhou , Minlie Huang , Xiaoyan Zhu

Multimodal Multi-hop question answering requires integrating information from diverse sources, such as images and texts, to derive answers. Existing methods typically rely on sequential retrieval and reasoning, where each step builds on the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Yiheng Hu , Xiaoyang Wang , Qing Liu , Xiwei Xu , Qian Fu , Wenjie Zhang , Liming Zhu

Current QA systems can generate reasonable-sounding yet false answers without explanation or evidence for the generated answer, which is especially problematic when humans cannot readily check the model's answers. This presents a challenge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-14 Alicia Parrish , Harsh Trivedi , Ethan Perez , Angelica Chen , Nikita Nangia , Jason Phang , Samuel R. Bowman

Healthcare question answering assistance aims to provide customer healthcare information, which widely appears in both Web and mobile Internet. The questions usually require the assistance to have proficient healthcare background knowledge…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Ye Liu , Shaika Chowdhury , Chenwei Zhang , Cornelia Caragea , Philip S. Yu

KBQA is a task that requires to answer questions by using semantic structured information in knowledge base. Previous work in this area has been restricted due to the lack of large semantic parsing dataset and the exponential growth of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-28 Meihao Fan , Lei Zhang , Siyao Xiao , Yuru Liang

We propose a novel, path-based reasoning approach for the multi-hop reading comprehension task where a system needs to combine facts from multiple passages to answer a question. Although inspired by multi-hop reasoning over knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-10 Souvik Kundu , Tushar Khot , Ashish Sabharwal , Peter Clark

Multi-hop question answering (QA) is a challenging task requiring QA systems to perform complex reasoning over multiple documents and provide supporting facts together with the exact answer. Existing works tend to utilize graph-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Xin-Yi Li , Wei-Jun Lei , Yu-Bin Yang

Multi-hop reasoning over financial disclosures is often a retrieval problem before it becomes a reasoning or generation problem: relevant facts are dispersed across sections, filings, companies, and years, and LLMs often expend excessive…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-10-06 Abhinav Arun , Reetu Raj Harsh , Bhaskarjit Sarmah , Stefano Pasquali

In mathematical reasoning tasks, the advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) relies heavily on high-quality training data with clearly defined and well-graded difficulty levels. However, existing data synthesis methods often suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Xuchen Li , Jing Chen , Xuzhao Li , Hao Liang , Xiaohuan Zhou , Taifeng Wang , Wentao Zhang

Answering multi-hop reasoning questions requires retrieving and synthesizing information from diverse sources. Language models (LMs) struggle to perform such reasoning consistently. We propose an approach to pinpoint and rectify multi-hop…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Mansi Sakarvadia

One type of question that is commonly found in day-to-day scenarios is ``fan-out'' questions, complex multi-hop, multi-document reasoning questions that require finding information about a large number of entities. However, there exist few…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Andrew Zhu , Alyssa Hwang , Liam Dugan , Chris Callison-Burch

Large foundation models face challenges in acquiring transferable, structured thinking abilities, especially when supervised with rigid templates or crowd-annotated instruction datasets. Unlike prior approaches, we focus on a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Zhe Xu , Daoyuan Chen , Zhenqing Ling , Yaliang Li , Ying Shen

In the question answering(QA) task, multi-hop reasoning framework has been extensively studied in recent years to perform more efficient and interpretable answer reasoning on the Knowledge Graph(KG). However, multi-hop reasoning is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Yao Zhang , Peiyao Li , Hongru Liang , Adam Jatowt , Zhenglu Yang

Multi-hop reasoning (i.e., reasoning across two or more documents) is a key ingredient for NLP models that leverage large corpora to exhibit broad knowledge. To retrieve evidence passages, multi-hop models must contend with a fast-growing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Omar Khattab , Christopher Potts , Matei Zaharia

The growing complexity of factual claims in real-world scenarios presents significant challenges for automated fact verification systems, particularly in accurately aggregating and reasoning over multi-hop evidence. Existing approaches…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Liwen Zheng , Chaozhuo Li , Haoran Jia , Xi Zhang

Real-world multi-hop QA is naturally linked with ambiguity, where a single query can trigger multiple reasoning paths that require independent resolution. Since ambiguity can occur at any stage, models must navigate layered uncertainty…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Jeonghyun Park , Ingeol Baek , Seunghyun Yoon , Haeun Jang , Aparna Garimella , Akriti Jain , Nedim Lipka , Hwanhee Lee