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This article presents a general solution to the problem of computational complexity. First, it gives a historical introduction to the problem since the revival of the foundational problems of mathematics at the end of the 19th century.…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Rami Zaidan

Simple unsmoothed formulas to compute the Riemann zeta function, and Dirichlet $L$-functions to a power-full modulus, are derived by elementary means (Taylor expansions and the geometric series). The formulas enable square-root of the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-09-01 Ghaith A. Hiary

Starting from the problem of two fixed centres we find a simple derivation of its third integral in terms of the scalar product of the angular momenta about the two fixed centres. This is then generalised to find the general form of the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Donald Lynden-Bell

When studying families in the moduli space of dynamical systems, choosing an appropriate representative function for a conjugacy class can be a delicate task. The most delicate questions surround rationality of the conjugacy class compared…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-11-08 Heidi Benham , Alexander Galarraga , Benjamin Hutz , Joey Lupo , Wayne Peng , Adam Towsley

Let $\Theta=(\alpha,\beta)$ be a point in $\bR^2$, with $1,\alpha,\beta$ linearly independent over $\bQ$. We attach to $\Theta$ a quadruple $\Omega(\Theta)$ of exponents which measure the quality of approximation to $\Theta$ both by…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Michel Laurent

Let $\theta$ be an elementary theta function, such as the classical Jacobi theta function. We establish a spectral decomposition and surprisingly strong asymptotic formulas for $\langle |\theta|^2, \varphi \rangle$ as $\varphi$ traverses a…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-09-16 Paul D. Nelson

We prove that second rational homology of the Torelli group of an orientable closed surface of genus g is finite dimensional for g at least 51. This rules out the simplest obstruction to the Torelli group being finitely presented and…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-04-08 Daniel Minahan

A fractional Stefan problem with a boundary convective condition is solved, where the fractional derivative of order $ \alpha \in (0,1) $ is taken in the Caputo sense. Then an equivalence with other two fractional Stefan problems (the first…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2014-03-26 Sabrina Roscani , Eduardo Santillan Marcus

In this note, we establish a new closed formula for the solution of homogeneous second-order linear difference equations with constant coefficients by using matrix theory. This, in turn, gives new closed formulas concerning all sequences of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-01-01 Issam Kaddoura , Bassam Mourad

In this paper, we consider the relation between the simplest types of arithmetic theta series, those associated to the cycles on the moduli space $\Cal C$ of elliptic curves with CM by the ring of integers $\OK$ in an imaginary quadratic…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2011-06-24 Stephen Kudla , Tonghai Yang

The existence of periodic solutions in $\Gamma$-symmetric Newtonian systems $\ddot{x}=-\nabla f(x)$ can be effectively studied by means of the $(\Gamma\times O(2))$-equivariant gradient degree with values in the Euler ring $U(\Gamma\times…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2016-12-26 Mieczyslaw Dabkowski , Wieslaw Krawcewicz , Yanli Lv , Hao-pin Wu

In this paper, we introduce zeta values of rational convex cones, which is a generalization of cyclotomic multiple zeta values. These zeta values have integral expressions. The main theorem asserts that zeta values of cones can be expressed…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Tomohide Terasoma

We introduce and study multivariate zeta functions enumerating subrepresentations of integral quiver representations. For nilpotent such representations defined over number fields, we exhibit a homogeneity condition that we prove to be…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2021-10-13 Seungjai Lee , Christopher Voll

The zeta-function of a complex variety is a power series whose nth coefficient is the nth symmetric power of the variety, viewed as an element in the Grothendieck ring of complex varieties. We prove that the zeta-function of a surface is…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Michael J. Larsen , Valery A. Lunts

Analytic solutions of the mean-field induction equation predict a nonoscillatory dynamo for homogeneous helical turbulence or constant alpha effect in unbounded or periodic domains. Oscillatory dynamos are generally thought impossible for…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-02-15 Axel Brandenburg

Recently, Nath and Das investigated congruence properties for the second order mock theta function $B(q)$. In their paper, they asked for analytic proofs of three identities on the second order mock theta functions $A(q)$, $B(q)$ and…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-06 Xingyuan Cai , Eric H. Liu , Olivia X. M. Yao

We suggest a new approach to Artin's constant that leads to its representation as an infinite sum divided by another infinite sum. The same approach works well for Stephens' constant and higher rank Artin's constants. The main results are…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2009-03-11 Ivan Cherednik

A generalization of Hurwitz stable polynomials to real rational functions is considered. We establishe an analogue of the Hurwitz stability criterion for rational functions and introduce a new type of determinants that can be treated as a…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2025-07-01 Yury S. Barkovsky , Mikhail Tyaglov

This paper is concerned with the existence of globally smooth solutions for the second boundary value problem for Monge-Ampere equations and the application to regularity of potentials in optimal transportation. The cost functions satisfy a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Neil S Trudinger , Xu-jia Wang

I show that propositional intuitionistic logic is complete with respect to an adaptation of Dummett's pragmatist justification procedure. In particular, given a pragmatist justification of an argument, I show how to obtain a natural…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-03-19 Hermógenes Oliveira