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Programming high-performance sparse GPU kernels is notoriously difficult, requiring both substantial effort and deep expertise. Sparse compilers aim to simplify this process, but existing systems fall short in two key ways. First, they are…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Jaeyeon Won , Willow Ahrens , Joel S. Emer , Saman Amarasinghe

Conventional deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) apply convolution operators uniformly in space across all feature maps for hundreds of layers - this incurs a high computational cost for real-time applications. For many problems such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-06-08 Mengye Ren , Andrei Pokrovsky , Bin Yang , Raquel Urtasun

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are one of the most successful machine learning techniques for image, voice and video processing. CNNs require large amounts of processing capacity and memory bandwidth. Hardware accelerators have been…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-05-03 James Garland , David Gregg

With ever increasing depth and width in deep neural networks to achieve state-of-the-art performance, deep learning computation has significantly grown, and dot-products remain dominant in overall computation time. Most prior works are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Duy-Thanh Nguyen , Abhiroop Bhattacharjee , Abhishek Moitra , Priyadarshini Panda

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have emerged as a powerful tool to process graph-based data in fields like communication networks, molecular interactions, chemistry, social networks, and neuroscience. GNNs are characterized by the ultra-sparse…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-07-14 Nanda K. Unnikrishnan , Joe Gould , Keshab K. Parhi

Acceleration of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) on edge devices has recently achieved a remarkable performance in image classification and object detection applications. This paper proposes an efficient and scalable CNN-based SoC-FPGA…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-07-29 Azzam Alhussain , Mingjie Lin

Sparse convolution plays a pivotal role in emerging workloads, including point cloud processing in AR/VR, autonomous driving, and graph understanding in recommendation systems. Since the computation pattern is sparse and irregular,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Haotian Tang , Shang Yang , Zhijian Liu , Ke Hong , Zhongming Yu , Xiuyu Li , Guohao Dai , Yu Wang , Song Han

Transformers, composed of QKV generation, attention computation, and FFNs, have become the dominant model across various domains due to their outstanding performance. However, their high computational cost hinders efficient hardware…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Hongxiang Liu , Zhifang Deng , Tong Pu , Shengli Lu

Sparse tensor programs are essential in deep learning and graph analytics, driving the need for optimized processing. To meet this demand, specialized hardware accelerators are being developed. Optimizing these programs for accelerators is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Chamika Sudusinghe , Gerasimos Gerogiannis , Damitha Lenadora , Charles Block , Josep Torrellas , Charith Mendis

Sparse Ternary General Matrix-Matrix Multiplication (GEMM) remains under-optimized in existing libraries for Apple Silicon CPUs. We present a Sparse Ternary GEMM kernel optimized specifically for Apple's M-series processors. We propose a…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Baraq Lipshitz , Alessio Melone , Charalampos Maraziaris , Muhammed Bilal

Sparse matrix vector multiplication (SpMV) is central to numerous data-intensive applications, but requires streaming indirect memory accesses that severely degrade both processing and memory throughput in state-of-the-art architectures.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-20 Chi Zhang , Paul Scheffler , Thomas Benz , Matteo Perotti , Luca Benini

Sparse matrix-matrix multiplication (SpGEMM) is a critical kernel widely employed in machine learning and graph algorithms. However, real-world matrices' high sparsity makes SpGEMM memory-intensive. In-situ computing offers the potential to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Huize Li , Tulika Mitra

Computing-in-memory (CIM) has attracted significant attentions in recent years due to its massive parallelism and low power consumption. However, current CIM designs suffer from large area overhead of small CIM macros and bad programmablity…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Shu-Hung Kuo , Tian-Sheuan Chang

Current AI training infrastructure is dominated by single instruction multiple data (SIMD) and systolic array architectures, such as Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) and Tensor Processing Units (TPUs), that excel at accelerating parallel…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Jan Finkbeiner , Thomas Gmeinder , Mark Pupilli , Alexander Titterton , Emre Neftci

This paper introduces the first low-power hardware accelerator for Spiking Transformers, an emerging alternative to traditional artificial neural networks. By modifying the base Spikformer model to use IAND instead of residual addition, the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Bo-Yu Chen , Tian-Sheuan Chang

We implement two novel algorithms for sparse-matrix dense-matrix multiplication (SpMM) on the GPU. Our algorithms expect the sparse input in the popular compressed-sparse-row (CSR) format and thus do not require expensive format conversion.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-06-13 Carl Yang , Aydin Buluc , John D. Owens

This paper describes a novel approach of packing sparse convolutional neural networks for their efficient systolic array implementations. By combining subsets of columns in the original filter matrix associated with a convolutional layer,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-13 H. T. Kung , Bradley McDanel , Sai Qian Zhang

In this paper, we develop an in-memory analog computing (IMAC) architecture realizing both synaptic behavior and activation functions within non-volatile memory arrays. Spin-orbit torque magnetoresistive random-access memory (SOT-MRAM)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Mohammed Elbtity , Abhishek Singh , Brendan Reidy , Xiaochen Guo , Ramtin Zand

Compute-in-memory (CiM) is a promising approach to improving the computing speed and energy efficiency in dataintensive applications. Beyond existing CiM techniques of bitwise logic-in-memory operations and dot product operations, this…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Yiming Chen , Yushen Fu , Mingyen Lee , Sumitha George , Yongpan Liu , Vijaykrishnan Narayanan , Huazhong Yang , Xueqing Li

The rapid advancement of wireless communication technologies, including 5G, emerging 6G networks, and the large-scale deployment of the Internet of Things (IoT), has intensified the need for efficient spectrum utilization. Automatic…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Kuilian Yang , Li Zhang , Ahmed M. Eltawil , Khaled Nabil Salama