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We present a fault-tolerant universal quantum computing architecture based on a code concatenation of biased-noise qubits and the parity architecture. The parity architecture can be understood as an LDPC code tailored specifically to obtain…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-01 Anette Messinger , Valentin Torggler , Berend Klaver , Michael Fellner , Wolfgang Lechner

Owing to the maturity of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) microelectronics, qubits realized with spins in silicon quantum dots (QDs) are considered among the most promising technologies for building scalable quantum computers.…

The quest to build a quantum computer has been inspired by the recognition of the formidable computational power such a device could offer. In particular silicon-based proposals, using the nuclear or electron spin of dopants as qubits, are…

Scalable superconducting quantum processors require balancing critical constraints in coherence, control complexity, and spectral crowding. Fixed-frequency architectures suppress flux noise and simplify control via all-microwave operations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-17 Kui Zhao , Wei-Guo Ma , Ziting Wang , Hao Li , Kaixuan Huang , Yun-Hao Shi , Kai Xu , Heng Fan

Silicon spin qubits are promising candidates for building scalable quantum computers due to their nanometre scale features. However, delivering microwave control signals locally to each qubit poses a challenge and instead methods that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-21 Hamza Jnane , Adam Siegel , M. Fernando Gonzalez-Zalba

We suggest an architecture for quantum computing with spin-pair encoded qubits in silicon. Electron-nuclear spin-pairs are controlled by a dc magnetic field and electrode-switched on and off hyperfine interaction. This digital processing is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 A. J. Skinner , M. E. Davenport , B. E. Kane

In this short review, I draw attention to new developments in the theory of fault tolerance in quantum computation that may give concrete direction to future work in the development of superconducting qubit systems. The basics of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 David P. DiVincenzo

Quantum error correction (QEC) and fault-tolerant (FT) mechanisms are essential for reliable quantum computing. However, QEC considerably increases the computation size up to four orders of magnitude. Moreover, FT implementation has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-20 L. Lao , B. van Wee , I. Ashraf , J. van Someren , N. Khammassi , K. Bertels , C. G. Almudever

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) provides an efficient means to exchange information in an unconditionally secure way. Historically, QKD protocols have been based on binary signal formats, such as two polarisation states, and the transmitted…

Topological error-correcting codes, such as surface codes and color codes, are promising because quantum operations are realized by two-dimensionally (2D) arrayed quantum bits (qubits). However, physical wiring of electrodes to qubits is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-09-06 Tetsufumi Tanamoto , Hayato Goto

Spin qubits in silicon quantum dot arrays are a promising quantum computation platform for long-term scalability due to their small qubit footprint and compatibility with advanced semiconductor manufacturing. However, spin qubit devices…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-11 Jason D. Chadwick , Willers Yang , Joshua Viszlai , Frederic T. Chong

Donor spin qubits in silicon offer one- and two-qubit gates with fidelities beyond 99%, coherence times exceeding 30 seconds, and compatibility with industrial manufacturing methods. This motivates the development of large-scale quantum…

Entangling two quantum bits by letting them interact is the crucial requirements for building a quantum processor. For qubits based on the spin of the electron, these two-qubit gates are typically performed by exchange interaction of the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-12-07 Fabian Hassler , Gianluigi Catelani , Hendrik Bluhm

Quantum-chemical subsystem and embedding methods require complex workflows that may involve multiple quantum-chemical program packages. Moreover, such workflows require the exchange of voluminous data that goes beyond simple quantities such…

NISQ (Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum) era constraints, high sensitivity to noise and limited qubit count, impose significant barriers on the usability of QPUs (Quantum Process Units) capabilities. To overcome these challenges, researchers…

The manuscript theoretically discusses various important aspects for donor atom based single qubit operations in silicon (Si) quantum computer architecture at room temperature using a single nitrogen (N) deep-donor close to the Si/SiO2…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-01-23 Soumya Chakraborty , Arup Samanta

This paper presents the design of scalable quantum networks that utilize optical switches to interconnect multiple quantum processors, facilitating large-scale quantum computing. By leveraging these novel architectures, we aim to address…

The promise of universal quantum computing requires scalable single- and inter-qubit control interactions. Currently, three of the leading candidate platforms for quantum computing are based on superconducting circuits, trapped ions, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-02 Eun Oh , Xuanying Lai , Jianming Wen , Shengwang Du

Rapid advancements in cloud based platforms providing access to quantum computing capabilities have opened up several challenges for efficient usage of these highly delicate and costly devices. Although most of the current systems use a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Abhishek Sawaika , Udaya Parampalli , Rajkumar Buyya

The electronic and nuclear spin degrees of freedom for donor impurities in semiconductors form ultra coherent two-level systems that are useful for quantum information applications. Spins naturally have magnetic dipoles, so alternating…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-25 A. J. Sigillito , A. M. Tyryshkin , T. Schenkel , A. A. Houck , S. A. Lyon