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We introduce a new approach for the synthesis of Mealy machines from specifications in linear-time temporal logic (LTL), where the number of cycles in the state graph of the implementation is limited by a given bound. Bounding the number of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-05-06 Bernd Finkbeiner , Felix Klein

Natural Language Processing (NLP) has undergone transformative changes with the advent of deep learning methodologies. One challenge persistently confronting researchers is the scarcity of high-quality, annotated datasets that drive these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Sia Gholami , Marwan Omar

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has been shown to significantly boost reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in math, coding, and multi-hop reasoning tasks. However, RL fine-tuning requires abundant high-quality verifiable data,…

A modern approach to engineering correct-by-construction systems is to synthesize them automatically from formal specifications. Oftentimes, a system can only satisfy its guarantees if certain environment assumptions hold, which motivates…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-10 Roderick Bloem , Ruediger Ehlers , Robert Koenighofer

We present an analysis technique for temporal specifications of reactive systems that identifies, on the level of individual system outputs over time, which parts of the implementation are determined by the specification, and which parts…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Bernd Finkbeiner , Hazem Torfah

Synthetic data has been proposed as a solution to address the issue of high-quality data scarcity in the training of large language models (LLMs). Studies have shown that synthetic data can effectively improve the performance of LLMs on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Jie Chen , Yupeng Zhang , Bingning Wang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen , Weipeng Chen

To enable non-experts to specify long-horizon, multi-robot collaborative tasks, language models are increasingly used to translate natural language commands into formal specifications. However, because translation can occur in multiple…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Shaojun Xu , Xusheng Luo , Yutong Huang , Letian Leng , Ruixuan Liu , Changliu Liu

In this paper we introduce a class of Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) specifications for which the problem of synthesizing controllers can be solved in polynomial time. The new class of specifications is an LTL fragment that we term Mode-Target…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-12-20 Ayca Balkan , Moshe Vardi , Paulo Tabuada

We present a reinforcement learning (RL) framework to synthesize a control policy from a given linear temporal logic (LTL) specification in an unknown stochastic environment that can be modeled as a Markov Decision Process (MDP).…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Alper Kamil Bozkurt , Yu Wang , Michael M. Zavlanos , Miroslav Pajic

Supervised Causal Learning (SCL) has shown promise in causal discovery by framing it as a supervised learning problem. However, it suffers from significant out-of-distribution generalization challenges. We reveal three limitations of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Zizhen Deng , Jiaru Zhang , Rui Ding , Huang Bojun , Jinzhuo Wang , Qiang Fu , Shi Han , Dongmei Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in automating hardware synthesis, yet substantial barriers remain for industrial-scale, datapath-centric designs due to ambiguous specifications and a lack of formal…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Kezhi Li , Min Li , Xiangyu Wen , Shibo Zhao , Jieying Wu , Junhua Huang , Qiang Xu

Synthesizing a reactive system from specifications given in linear temporal logic (LTL) is a classical problem, finding its applications in safety-critical systems design. These systems are typically represented using either Mealy machines…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Jan Křetínský , Tobias Meggendorfer , Maximilian Prokop

Reactive synthesis is an automated procedure to obtain a correct-by-construction reactive system from a given specification. GR(1) is a well-known fragment of linear temporal logic (LTL) where synthesis is possible using a polynomial…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-02-04 Shahar Maoz , Jan Oliver Ringert

The in-context learning ability of large language models (LLMs) enables them to generalize to novel downstream tasks with relatively few labeled examples. However, they require enormous computational resources to be deployed. Alternatively,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Jean Kaddour , Qi Liu

Linear temporal logic (LTL) is widely used in industrial verification. LTL formulae can be learned from traces. Scaling LTL formula learning is an open problem. We implement the first GPU-based LTL learner using a novel form of enumerative…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Mojtaba Valizadeh , Nathanaël Fijalkow , Martin Berger

We introduce transductive program synthesis, a new formulation of the program synthesis task that explicitly leverages test inputs during synthesis. While prior approaches to program synthesis--whether based on natural language descriptions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Kang-il Lee , Jahyun Koo , Seunghyun Yoon , Minbeom Kim , Hyukhun Koh , Dongryeol Lee , Kyomin Jung

Training data plays a crucial role in Large Language Models (LLM) scaling, yet high quality data is of limited supply. Synthetic data techniques offer a potential path toward sidestepping these limitations. We conduct a large-scale…

In this paper we initiate the study of the computational complexity of learning linear temporal logic (LTL) formulas from examples. We construct approximation algorithms for fragments of LTL and prove hardness results; in particular we…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Nathanaël Fijalkow , Guillaume Lagarde

Early scheduling algorithms usually adjusted the clock cycle duration to the execution time of the slowest operation. This resulted in large slack times wasted in those cycles executing faster operations. To reduce the wasted times…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2011-11-09 R. Ruiz-Sautua , M. C. Molina , J. M. Mendias , R. Hermida

Synthesis is the automatic construction of a system from its specification. In classical synthesis algorithms it is always assumed that the system is "constructed from scratch" rather than composed from reusable components. This, of course,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2011-11-10 Yoad Lustig , Moshe Vardi