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To facilitate future research in unsupervised induction of syntactic structure and to standardize best-practices, we propose a tagset that consists of twelve universal part-of-speech categories. In addition to the tagset, we develop a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Slav Petrov , Dipanjan Das , Ryan McDonald

Prior highly-tuned human parsing models tend to fit towards each dataset in a specific domain or with discrepant label granularity, and can hardly be adapted to other human parsing tasks without extensive re-training. In this paper, we aim…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-10 Ke Gong , Yiming Gao , Xiaodan Liang , Xiaohui Shen , Meng Wang , Liang Lin

Word-piece models (WPMs) are commonly used subword units in state-of-the-art end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. For multilingual ASR, due to the differences in written scripts across languages, multilingual WPMs bring…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-23 Chao Zhang , Bo Li , Tara N. Sainath , Trevor Strohman , Shuo-yiin Chang

We introduce DiscoPhon, a multilingual benchmark for evaluating unsupervised phoneme discovery from discrete speech units. DiscoPhon covers 6 dev and 6 test languages, chosen to span a wide range of phonemic contrasts. Given only 10 hours…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Maxime Poli , Manel Khentout , Angelo Ortiz Tandazo , Ewan Dunbar , Emmanuel Chemla , Emmanuel Dupoux

We present a novel approach to multilingual audio-visual speech recognition tasks by introducing a single model on a multilingual dataset. Motivated by a human cognitive system where humans can intuitively distinguish different languages…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Joanna Hong , Se Jin Park , Yong Man Ro

Phoneme-level computer-assisted pronunciation training systems typically rely on phoneme-level annotations, which are costly and scarce. In this work, we investigate whether phoneme-level mispronunciation information can be learned without…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-25 Jazmín Vidal , Luciana Ferrer

Signed Language Processing (SLP) concerns the automated processing of signed languages, the main means of communication of Deaf and hearing impaired individuals. SLP features many different tasks, ranging from sign recognition to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Federico Tavella , Viktor Schlegel , Marta Romeo , Aphrodite Galata , Angelo Cangelosi

Recent advances in spoken language processing have led to substantial progress in phonetic tasks such as automatic speech recognition (ASR), phone recognition (PR), grapheme-to-phoneme conversion (G2P), and phoneme-to-grapheme conversion…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Chin-Jou Li , Kalvin Chang , Shikhar Bharadwaj , Eunjung Yeo , Kwanghee Choi , Jian Zhu , David Mortensen , Shinji Watanabe

Phoneme-based ASR factorizes recognition into speech-to-phoneme (S2P) and phoneme-to-grapheme (P2G), enabling cross-lingual acoustic sharing while keeping language-specific orthography in a separate module. While large language models…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-01 Lukuang Dong , Ziwei Li , Saierdaer Yusuyin , Xianyu Zhao , Zhijian Ou

Building speech recognizers in multiple languages typically involves replicating a monolingual training recipe for each language, or utilizing a multi-task learning approach where models for different languages have separate output labels…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-11-08 Suyoun Kim , Michael L. Seltzer

Universal phoneme recognition typically requires analyzing long speech segments and language-specific patterns. Many speech processing tasks require pure phoneme representations free from contextual influence, which motivated our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Abdul Rehman , Jian-Jun Zhang , Xiaosong Yang

This paper proposes a novel unsupervised autoregressive neural model for learning generic speech representations. In contrast to other speech representation learning methods that aim to remove noise or speaker variabilities, ours is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-20 Yu-An Chung , Wei-Ning Hsu , Hao Tang , James Glass

Training speech recognizers with unpaired speech and text -- known as unsupervised speech recognition (UASR) -- is a crucial step toward extending ASR to low-resource languages in the long-tail distribution and enabling multimodal learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Liming Wang , Junrui Ni , Kai-Wei Chang , Saurabhchand Bhati , David Harwath , Mark Hasegawa-Johnson , James R. Glass

Only a handful of the world's languages are abundant with the resources that enable practical applications of speech processing technologies. One of the methods to overcome this problem is to use the resources existing in other languages to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-19 Piotr Żelasko , Laureano Moro-Velázquez , Mark Hasegawa-Johnson , Odette Scharenborg , Najim Dehak

Allophony refers to the variation in the phonetic realization of a phoneme based on its phonetic environment. Modeling allophones is crucial for atypical pronunciation assessment, which involves distinguishing atypical from typical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Kwanghee Choi , Eunjung Yeo , Kalvin Chang , Shinji Watanabe , David Mortensen

The use of phonological features (PFs) potentially allows language-specific phones to remain linked in training, which is highly desirable for information sharing for multilingual and crosslingual speech recognition methods for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Chengrui Zhu , Keyu An , Huahuan Zheng , Zhijian Ou

Automatic phonemic transcription tools are useful for low-resource language documentation. However, due to the lack of training sets, only a tiny fraction of languages have phonemic transcription tools. Fortunately, multilingual acoustic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-28 Xinjian Li , Siddharth Dalmia , David R. Mortensen , Juncheng Li , Alan W Black , Florian Metze

Despite the well-developed cut-edge representation learning for language, most language representation models usually focus on specific level of linguistic unit, which cause great inconvenience when being confronted with handling multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-11 Yian Li , Hai Zhao

Multilingual training is effective in improving low-resource ASR, which may partially be explained by phonetic representation sharing between languages. In end-to-end (E2E) ASR systems, graphemes are often used as basic modeling units,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-22 Siyuan Feng , Ming Tu , Rui Xia , Chuanzeng Huang , Yuxuan Wang

We introduce polyglot language models, recurrent neural network models trained to predict symbol sequences in many different languages using shared representations of symbols and conditioning on typological information about the language to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-05-13 Yulia Tsvetkov , Sunayana Sitaram , Manaal Faruqui , Guillaume Lample , Patrick Littell , David Mortensen , Alan W Black , Lori Levin , Chris Dyer