English
Related papers

Related papers: Noether's first theorem and the energy-momentum te…

200 papers

I exhibit the conflicting roles of Noether's two great theorems in defining conserved quantities, especially Energy in General Relativity and its extensions: It is the breaking of coordinate invariance through boundary conditions that…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-09-02 S. Deser

We give an introduction to, and review of, the energy-momentum tensors in classical gauge field theories in Minkowski space, and to some extent also in curved space-time. For the canonical energy-momentum tensor of non-Abelian gauge fields…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-11-21 Daniel N. Blaschke , Francois Gieres , Meril Reboud , Manfred Schweda

The question of the uniqueness of energy-momentum tensors in the linearized general relativity and in the linear massive gravity is analyzed without using variational techniques. We start from a natural ansatz for the form of the tensor…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-02-16 Jiří Bičák , Josef Schmidt

We derive the variational principle and Noether's theorem in generally covariant field theory in an explicitly coordinate-independent way by means of the exterior calculus over the space-time manifold. We then focus on the symmetry of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-04-10 Ermis Mitsou

The macroscopic energy-momentum and spin densities of relativistic spin hydrodynamics are obtained from the ensemble average of their respective microscopic definitions (quantum operators). These microscopic definitions suffer from…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-26 Rajeev Singh

The Noether theorem for Hamiltonian constrained systems is revisited. In particular, our review presents a novel method to show that the gauge transformations are generated by the conserved quantities associated with the first class…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 V. M. Villanueva , J. A. Nieto , L. Ruiz , J. Silvas

Consideration of the Noether variational problem for any theory whose action is invariant under global and/or local gauge transformations leads to three distinct theorems. These include the familiar Noether theorem, but also two equally…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Katherine Brading , Harvey R. Brown

Several energy-momentum "tensors" of gravitational field are considered and compared in the lowest approximation. Each of them together with energy-momentum tensor of point-like particles satisfies the conservation laws when equations of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 A. I. Nikishov

The Noether charge method for defining the Hamiltonian of a diffeomorphism-invariant field theory is applied to "Einstein-aether" theory, in which gravity couples to a dynamical, timelike, unit-norm vector field. Using the method,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 Brendan Z. Foster

The energy-momentum conservation laws for general reduced-fluid (e.g., gyrofluid) models are derived by Noether method from a general reduced variational principle. The reduced canonical energy-momentum tensor (which is explicitly…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2015-05-20 Alain J. Brizard

This work analyses the 1921 article by Erich Bessel-Hagen entitled \"Uber die Erhaltungss\"atze der Elektrodynamik ("On the conservation laws of electrodynamics"). The article is based on Noether's theorems, which were formulated by Emmy…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Valeriya Chasova

We present the discussion of the energy-momentum tensor of the scalar $\phi^4$- theory on a noncommutative space. The Noether procedure is performed at the operator level. Additionally, the broken dilatation symmetry will be considered in a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Gerhold , J. Grimstrup , H. Grosse , L. Popp , M. Schweda , R. Wulkenhaar

In the literature one often finds the claim that there is no such thing as an energy-momentum tensor for the gravitational field, and consequently, that the total energy-momentum conservation can only be defined in terms of a gravitational…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-08-08 H. Nikolic

Several energy-momentum "tensors" of gravitational field are considered and compared in the lowest approximation. Each of them together with energy-momentum tensor of point-like particles satisfies the conservation laws when equation of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 A. I. Nikishov

Noether symmetry for higher order gravity theory has been explored, with the introduction of an auxiliary variable which gives the only correct quantum desccription of the theory, as shown in a series of earlier papers. The application of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 A. K. Sanyal , B. Modak , C. Rubano , E. Piedipalumbo

We consider the problem of a conditional extremum of an action in a class of fields constrained by differential equations. For this setup, we propose an extension of Noether's first theorem to connect the symmetries of the action and the…

General Physics · Physics 2026-02-10 S. L. Lyakhovich , S. B. Sayapin , I. A. Zubareva

When discussing consequences of symmetries of dynamical systems based on Noether's first theorem, most standard textbooks on classical or quantum mechanics present a conclusion stating that a global continuous Lie symmetry implies the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-10-04 Daddy Balondo Iyela , Jan Govaerts

Noether's calculus of invariant variations yields exact identities from functional symmetries. The standard application to an action integral allows to identify conservation laws. Here we rather consider generating functionals, such as the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-08-16 Sophie Hermann , Matthias Schmidt

We present a general algorithm constructing a discretization of a classical field theory from a Lagrangian. We prove a new discrete Noether theorem relating symmetries to conservation laws and an energy conservation theorem not based on any…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-09-14 Mikhail Skopenkov

We present a new type of energy-momentum tensor and angular momentum tensor. They are motivated by a special consideration in quantum measurement: Given a wave in mutual eigen-state of more than one physical observables, the corresponding…

General Physics · Physics 2017-01-31 Zhen-Lai Wang , De-Tian Yang , Zi-Wei Chen , Tao Lei , Xiang-Song Chen