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We introduce a new framework for reconfiguration problems, and apply it to independent sets as the first example. Suppose that we are given an independent set $I_0$ of a graph $G$, and an integer $l \ge 0$ which represents a lower bound on…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2018-04-26 Takehiro Ito , Haruka Mizuta , Naomi Nishimura , Akira Suzuki

Let $G$ be a planar graph and $I_s$ and $I_t$ be two independent sets in $G$, each of size $k$. We begin with a "token" on each vertex of $I_s$ and seek to move all tokens to $I_t$, by repeated "token jumping", removing a single token from…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Daniel W. Cranston

Let $G$ be a graph and $D_s$ and $D_t$ be two dominating sets of $G$ of size $k$. Does there exist a sequence $\langle D_0 = D_s, D_1, \ldots, D_{\ell-1}, D_\ell = D_t \rangle$ of dominating sets of $G$ such that $D_{i+1}$ can be obtained…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-05-21 Marthe Bonamy , Paul Dorbec , Paul Ouvrard

Given a graph $G = (V,E)$, a threshold function $t~ :~ V \rightarrow \mathbb{N}$ and an integer $k$, we study the Harmless Set problem, where the goal is to find a subset of vertices $S \subseteq V$ of size at least $k$ such that every…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-01-27 Ajinkya Gaikwad , Soumen Maity

Graph modification problems are computational tasks where the goal is to change an input graph $G$ using operations from a fixed set, in order to make the resulting graph satisfy a target property, which usually entails membership to a…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Ivo Koch , Nina Pardal , Vinicius F. dos Santos

\textsc{Directed Token Sliding} asks, given a directed graph and two sets of pairwise nonadjacent vertices, whether one can reach from one set to the other by repeatedly applying a local operation that exchanges a vertex in the current set…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-03-28 Takehiro Ito , Yuni Iwamasa , Yasuaki Kobayashi , Yu Nakahata , Yota Otachi , Masahiro Takahashi , Kunihiro Wasa

Given a graph $G = (V, E)$, a non-empty set $S \subseteq V$ is a defensive alliance, if for every vertex $v \in S$, the majority of its closed neighbours are in $S$, that is, $|N_G[v] \cap S| \geq |N_G[v] \setminus S|$. The decision version…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Sangam Balchandar Reddy , Anjeneya Swami Kare

For a graph $H$ and an integer $k\ge 1$, the \emph{Token Sliding reconfiguration graph} $\mathsf{TS}_k(H)$ and the \emph{Token Jumping reconfiguration graph} $\mathsf{TJ}_k(H)$ have as vertices the $k$-cliques of $H$, with two vertices…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-07 Duc A. Hoang

A dominating set $S$ in a graph is a subset of vertices such that every vertex is either in $S$ or adjacent to a vertex in $S$. A minimal dominating set $M$ is a dominating set such that $M-v$ is not a dominating set for all $v \in M$. In…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-05 Iain Beaton

Consider an agent traversing a graph of "gadgets", each with local state that changes with each traversal by the agent. We characterize the complexity of universal traversal, where the goal is to traverse every gadget at least once, for DAG…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Hayashi Ani , Erik Demaine , Jenny Diomidova , Dylan Hendrickson , Jayson Lynch

For a fixed integer $r \geq 1$, a distance-$r$ dominating set (D$r$DS) of a graph $G = (V, E)$ is a vertex subset $D \subseteq V$ such that every vertex in $V$ is within distance $r$ from some member of $D$. Given two D$r$DSs $D_s, D_t$ of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Niranka Banerjee , Duc A. Hoang

The problem Level Planarity asks for a crossing-free drawing of a graph in the plane such that vertices are placed at prescribed y-coordinates (called levels) and such that every edge is realized as a y-monotone curve. In the variant…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Boris Klemz , Marie Diana Sieper

A widely studied model for influence diffusion in social networks are {\it target sets}. For a graph $G$ and an integer-valued threshold function $\tau$ on its vertex set, a {\it target set} or {\it dynamic monopoly} is a set of vertices of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-05-28 Stefan Ehard , Dieter Rautenbach

An st-shortest path, or st-path for short, in a graph G is a shortest (induced) path from s to t in G. Two st-paths are said to be adjacent if they differ on exactly one vertex. A reconfiguration sequence between two st-paths P and Q is a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Nicolas Bousquet , Kshitij Gajjar , Abhiruk Lahiri , Amer E. Mouawad

We investigate the computational complexity of the following problem. We are given a graph in which each vertex has an initial and a target color. Each pair of adjacent vertices can swap their current colors. Our goal is to perform the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-03-20 Katsuhisa Yamanaka , Takashi Horiyama , J. Mark Keil , David Kirkpatrick , Yota Otachi , Toshiki Saitoh , Ryuhei Uehara , Yushi Uno

We study the dominating set reconfiguration problem with the token sliding rule. It consists, given a graph G=(V,E) and two dominating sets D_s and D_t of G, in determining if there exists a sequence S=<D_1:=D_s,...,D_l:=D_t> of dominating…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-02-23 Nicolas Bousquet , Alice Joffard

Subgraph complementation is an operation that toggles all adjacencies inside a selected vertex set. Given a graph \(G\) and a target class \(\mathcal{C}\), the Minimum Subgraph Complementation problem asks for a minimum-size vertex set…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Juan Gutiérrez , Sagartanu Pal

In this paper, we consider a transformation of $k$ disjoint paths in a graph. For a graph and a pair of $k$ disjoint paths $\mathcal{P}$ and $\mathcal{Q}$ connecting the same set of terminal pairs, we aim to determine whether $\mathcal{P}$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Takehiro Ito , Yuni Iwamasa , Naonori Kakimura , Yusuke Kobayashi , Shun-ichi Maezawa , Yuta Nozaki , Yoshio Okamoto , Kenta Ozeki

Fix a positive integer $r$, and a graph $G$ that is $K_{3,r}$-minor-free. Let $I_s$ and $I_t$ be two independent sets in $G$, each of size $k$. We begin with a ``token'' on each vertex of $I_s$ and seek to move all tokens to $I_t$, by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-05 Nicolas Bousquet , Daniel W. Cranston

Two independent sets of a graph are adjacent if they differ on exactly one vertex (i.e. we can transform one into the other by adding or deleting a vertex). Let $k$ be an integer. We consider the reconfiguration graph $TAR_k(G)$ on the set…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-06-06 Marthe Bonamy , Nicolas Bousquet