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We present a comprehensive analysis of 653 optical candidate counterparts reported during the third gravitational wave (GW) observing run. Our sample concentrates on candidates from the 15 events (published in GWTC-2, GWTC-3 or not…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-03-14 J. Rastinejad , K. Paterson , W. Fong , D. J. Sand , M. J. Lundquist , G. Hosseinzadeh , E. Christensen , P. N. Daly , A. R. Gibbs , S. Hall , F. Shelly , S. Yang

Mergers of binary neutron stars are multimessenger sources of gravitational waves that have an optical luminous counterpart, commonly referred to as 'kilonova'. Inspired by the detection of GW170817, intensive searches have been conducted…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-08-23 Runduo Liang , Zhengyan Liu , Lei Lei , Wen Zhao

The binary neutron star merger gravitational-wave signal GW170817 was followed by three electromagnetic counterparts, including a kilonova arising from the radioactivity of freshly synthesized $r$-process elements in ejecta from the merger.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-07-21 Robert Mochkovitch , Frédéric Daigne , Raphaël Duque , Hannachi Zitouni

Cosmological analyses of samples of photometrically-identified Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) depend on understanding the effects of 'contamination' from core-collapse and peculiar SN Ia events. We employ a rigorous analysis on…

In the first work of this series, we adopt a GW170817-like, viewing-angle-dependent kilonova model and the standard afterglow model with the lightcurve distribution based on the properties of cosmological short gamma-ray bursts afterglows…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-08-30 Jin-Ping Zhu , Yuan-Pei Yang , Bing Zhang , He Gao , Yun-Wei Yu

In the second work of this series, we explore the optimal search strategy for serendipitous and gravitational-wave-triggered target-of-opportunity (ToO) observations of kilonovae and optical short-duration gamma-ray burst (sGRB) afterglows…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-02-01 Jin-Ping Zhu , Shichao Wu , Yuan-Pei Yang , Chang Liu , Bing Zhang , Hao-Ran Song , He Gao , Zhoujian Cao , Yun-Wei Yu , Yacheng Kang , Lijing Shao

The coalescence of double neutron star (NS-NS) and black hole (BH)-NS binaries are prime sources of gravitational waves (GW) for Advanced LIGO/Virgo and future ground-based detectors. Neutron-rich matter released from such events undergo…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-01-08 Brian D. Metzger

We present a unified Bayesian framework to jointly constrain the Hubble constant $H_0$ and the post-Newtonian parameter $\gamma$, a key probe of deviations from general relativity, using the population characteristics of strongly lensed…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-05-15 Xinguang Ying , Tao Yang

Making an unambiguous detection of lensed gravitational waves is challenging with current generation detectors due to large uncertainties in sky localisations and other inferred parameter distributions. However, in the case of binary…

In the past few years, approximate Bayesian Neural Networks (BNNs) have demonstrated the ability to produce statistically consistent posteriors on a wide range of inference problems at unprecedented speed and scale. However, any disconnect…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-24 Sebastian Wagner-Carena , Ji Won Park , Simon Birrer , Philip J. Marshall , Aaron Roodman , Risa H. Wechsler

Efficient multi-messenger observations of gravitational-wave candidates from compact binary coalescence candidate events rely on data products reported in low-latency by the International Gravitational-wave Network (IGWN). While data…

Establishing a unified framework that simultaneously accounts for the wideband diffuse neutrino flux and the physical origin of individual ultra-high-energy (UHE) neutrino detections, including KM3-230213A, remains a pressing challenge in…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-12 Shiqi Yu , Bing Theodore Zhang

Gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows and kilonovae (KNe) are electromagnetic transients that can accompany binary neutron star (BNS) mergers. Therefore, studying their emission processes is of general interest for constraining cosmological…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-01-14 Hauke Koehn , Thibeau Wouters , Peter T. H. Pang , Mattia Bulla , Henrik Rose , Hannah Wichern , Tim Dietrich

Kilonovae (KNe) are the electromagnetic signatures of neutron star mergers and are likely the dominant site of cosmic $r$-process nucleosynthesis. However, their intrinsic rate remains poorly constrained due to a paucity of confirmed…

We present a comprehensive statistical analysis of the properties of Type Ia SN light curves in the near infrared using recent data from PAIRITEL and the literature. We construct a hierarchical Bayesian framework, incorporating several…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-21 Kaisey S. Mandel , W. Michael Wood-Vasey , Andrew S. Friedman , Robert P. Kirshner

The discovery of the optical/infra-red counterpart (AT2017gfo) to the binary neutron star gravitational-wave detection (GW170817), which was followed by a short gamma-ray burst (GRB170817), marked a groundbreaking moment in multi-messenger…

The first direct detection of gravitational waves (GW) by the ground-based interferometers is expected to occur within the next few years. These interferometers will detect the mergers of compact object binaries composed of neutron stars…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-06-15 P. S. Cowperthwaite , E. Berger

Compact binary mergers detectable in gravitational waves can be accompanied by a kilonova, an electromagnetic transient powered by radioactive decay of newly synthesised r-process elements. A few kilonova candidates have been observed…

We present a systematic search for optical counterparts to 13 gravitational wave (GW) triggers involving at least one neutron star during LIGO/Virgo's third observing run. We searched binary neutron star (BNS) and neutron star black hole…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-01-06 Mansi M. Kasliwal , Shreya Anand , Tomas Ahumada , Robert Stein , Ana Sagues Carracedo , Igor Andreoni , Michael W. Coughlin , Leo P. Singer , Erik C. Kool , Kishalay De , Harsh Kumar , Mouza AlMualla , Yuhan Yao , Mattia Bulla , Dougal Dobie , Simeon Reusch , Daniel A. Perley , S. Bradley Cenko , Varun Bhalerao , David L. Kaplan , Jesper Sollerman , Ariel Goobar , Christopher M. Copperwheat , Eric C. Bellm , G. C. Anupama , Alessandra Corsi , Samaya Nissanke , Ivan Agudo , Ashot Bagdasaryan , Sudhanshu Barway , Justin Belicki , Joshua S. Bloom , Bryce Bolin , David A. H. Buckley , Kevin B. Burdge , Rick Burruss , Maria D. Caballero-Garcıa , Chris Cannella , Alberto J. Castro-Tirado , David O. Cook , Jeff Cooke , Virginia Cunningham , Aishwarya Dahiwale , Kunal Deshmukh , Simone Dichiara , Dmitry A. Duev , Anirban Dutta , Michael Feeney , Anna Franckowiak , Sara Frederick , Christoffer Fremling , Avishay Gal-Yam , Pradip Gatkine , Shaon Ghosh , Daniel A. Goldstein , V. Zach Golkhou , Matthew J. Graham , Melissa L. Graham , Matthew J. Hankins , George Helou , Youdong Hu , Wing-Huen Ip , Amruta Jaodand , Viraj Karambelkar , Albert K. H. Kong , Marek Kowalski , Maitreya Khandagale , S. R. Kulkarni , Brajesh Kumar , Russ R. Laher , K. L. Li , Ashish Mahabal , Frank J. Masci , Adam A. Miller , Moses Mogotsi , Siddharth Mohite , Kunal Mooley , Przemek Mroz , Jeffrey A. Newman , Chow-Choong Ngeow , Samantha R. Oates , Atharva Sunil Patil , Shashi B. Pandey , M. Pavana , Elena Pian , Reed Riddle , Ruben Sanchez-Ramırez , Yashvi Sharma , Avinash Singh , Roger Smith , Maayane T. Soumagnac , Kirsty Taggart , Hanjie Tan , Anastasios Tzanidakis , Eleonora Troja , Azamat F. Valeev , Richard Walters , Gaurav Waratkar , Sara Webb , Po-Chieh Yu , Bin-Bin Zhang , Rongpu Zhou , Jeffry Zolkower

We introduce SuperNNova, an open source supernova photometric classification framework which leverages recent advances in deep neural networks. Our core algorithm is a recurrent neural network (RNN) that is trained to classify light-curves…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-12-05 Anais Möller , Thibault de Boissière