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Standard cells are essential components of modern digital circuit designs. With process technologies advancing toward 2nm, more routability issues have arisen due to the decreasing number of routing tracks, increasing number and complexity…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Chia-Tung Ho , Haoxing Ren

Machine learning applied to architecture design presents a promising opportunity with broad applications. Recent deep reinforcement learning (DRL) techniques, in particular, enable efficient exploration in vast design spaces where…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-05-14 Ting-Ru Lin , Drew Penney , Massoud Pedram , Lizhong Chen

Advanced nodes decouple contacted poly pitch (CPP) and lower-metal pitch to improve routability. We present CPCell, an efficient standard-cell layout generation framework, to support arbitrary gear ratio (GR) and offset parameters through a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Chung-Kuan Cheng , Andrew B. Kahng , Bill Lin , Yucheng Wang , Dooseok Yoon

Transistor topology optimization is a critical step in standard cell design, directly dictating diffusion sharing efficiency and downstream routability. However, identifying optimal topologies remains a persistent bottleneck, as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Zhan Song , Yu-Tung Liu , Chen Chen , Guoheng Sun , Jiaqi Yin , Chia-tung Ho , Ang Li , Haoxing Ren , Cunxi Yu

We propose a technique to assist in converting a reference layout of an analog circuit into the procedural layout generator by efficiently reusing available generators for sub-cell creation. The proposed convolutional neural network (CNN)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Sungyu Jeong , Minsu Kim , Byungsub Kim

Automated standard cell library extension is crucial for maximizing Quality of Results (QoR) in modern VLSI design. We introduce CellE, a novel framework that leverages formal methods to achieve exhaustive discovery of functionally…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Yi Ren , Yukun Wang , Xiang Meng , Guoyao Cheng , Baokang Peng , Lining Zhang , Yibo Lin , Runsheng Wang , Guangyu Sun

Custom standard cell libraries can improve the final quality of the corresponding VLSI designs but properly customizing standard cell libraries remains challenging due to the complex characteristics of the VLSI designs. This paper presents…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Tingyuan Liang , Jingsong Chen , Lei Li , Wei Zhang

Variable renewable generation increases the challenge of balancing power supply and demand. Grid-scale batteries co-located with generation can help mitigate this misalignment. This paper explores the use of reinforcement learning (RL) for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Caleb Ju , Constance Crozier

In physical design, human designers typically place macros via trial and error, which is a Markov decision process. Reinforcement learning (RL) methods have demonstrated superhuman performance on the macro placement. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Zixuan Jiang , Ebrahim Songhori , Shen Wang , Anna Goldie , Azalia Mirhoseini , Joe Jiang , Young-Joon Lee , David Z. Pan

Due to the increasing complexity of chip design, existing placement methods still have many shortcomings in dealing with macro cells coverage and optimization efficiency. Aiming at the problems of layout overlap, inferior performance, and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Tao Yu , Peng Gao , Fei Wang , Ru-Yue Yuan

Optimal resource allocation is a fundamental challenge for dense and heterogeneous wireless networks with massive wireless connections. Because of the non-convex nature of the optimization problem, it is computationally demanding to obtain…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-05-01 Kazi Ishfaq Ahmed , Ekram Hossain

A big challenge in branch and bound lies in identifying the optimal node within the search tree from which to proceed. Current state-of-the-art selectors utilize either hand-crafted ensembles that automatically switch between naive sub-node…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Alexander Mattick , Christopher Mutschler

The widespread deployment of 5G networks, together with the coexistence of 4G/LTE networks, provides mobile devices a diverse set of candidate cells to connect to. However, associating mobile devices to cells to maximize overall network…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Marvin Illian , Ramin Khalili , Antonio A. de A. Rocha , Lin Wang

Design of Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO) inductors is a laborious and time-consuming task that is conventionally done manually by human experts. In this paper, we propose a framework for automating the design of VCO inductors, using…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Cameron Haigh , Zichen Zhang , Negar Hassanpour , Khurram Javed , Yingying Fu , Shayan Shahramian , Shawn Zhang , Jun Luo

Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into wireless networks has drawn significant interest in both industry and academia. A common solution is to replace partial or even all modules in the conventional systems, which is often lack of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-07-24 Jian Wang , Chen Xu , Yourui Huangfu , Rong Li , Yiqun Ge , Jun Wang

Linear layouts are a graph visualization method that can be used to capture an entry pattern in an adjacency matrix of a given graph. By reordering the node indices of the original adjacency matrix, linear layouts provide knowledge of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-16 Chihiro Watanabe , Taiji Suzuki

In this work, we present a reinforcement learning (RL) based approach to designing parallel prefix circuits such as adders or priority encoders that are fundamental to high-performance digital design. Unlike prior methods, our approach…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Rajarshi Roy , Jonathan Raiman , Neel Kant , Ilyas Elkin , Robert Kirby , Michael Siu , Stuart Oberman , Saad Godil , Bryan Catanzaro

It is expected that the next generation cellular networks provide a connected society with fully mobility to empower the socio-economic transformation. Several other technologies will benefits of this evolution, such as Internet of Things,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Guto Leoni Santos , Patricia Takako Endo

In the last decade, Convolutional Neural Network with a multi-layer architecture has advanced rapidly. However, training its complex network is very space-consuming, since a lot of intermediate data are preserved across layers, especially…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Zhigang Wang , Hangyu Yang , Ning Wang , Chuanfei Xu , Jie Nie , Zhiqiang Wei , Yu Gu , Ge Yu

The modern deep learning field is a scale-centric one. Larger models have been shown to consistently perform better than smaller models of similar architecture. In many sub-domains of biomedical research, however, the model scaling is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Nicholas Kuang , Vanessa Scalon , Ji Yu
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